在PETS阅读中,无论是哪一个级别的考试中,我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词或短语,或者认识的单词在文章中有了新意义。如果这些词或短语不影响对文章主要内容的理解,我们便可以将它们略过,继续阅读。如果了解这些词语的意思对正确理解文章很重要,这时,我们就必须根据上下文的联系,对它们的意义进行猜测,使之不影响对整篇文章的阅读和理解。
需要注意的是,一个单词通常有好几个意思,我们要解决的是这些词在文中所表达的意思。因此,不可脱离上下文,只根据自己以前了解的词义来确定其意义。通常,猜测词义可采用以下几种方法:
一、利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述,猜测词义。
例一:The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.如不知道vampire的词义,从下文lives on blood(靠吸血而生存)则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫。
例二:The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.如不知道spectacles的词义,从下文戴上spectacles后开始阅读可以猜得其词义眼镜。
二、利用文中的举例猜测词义例三:Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.如不知道geometric forms的意思,可从文中所列举的三角形,正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为几何图形。
Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.如不知道appliances的意思,从文中的举例washing-machines(洗衣机),refrigerator(冰箱),televisions(电视机)可以猜得该词的意思为家用电器。
三、利用文中说明词义的同位词或定语等猜测词义例五:The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines(潜艇) to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.句中snorkel一词的意思,可通过其同位语a long air tube that reaches up to the surface来猜得。由此,我们可确定该词义为通气管。
例六:The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.通过定语从句which is used to measure electricity(用来测量电的),我们可将multimeter的词义确定为万用表。
例七:They will be on the night shift - from midnight to 6 a. m. - next week.由破折号之间的解释内容,我们可以了解到night shift意思为夜班。
四、利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容,猜测词义例八:American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.文中be punctual的意思,可理解为not come late,即准时,不迟到。
例九:Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.根据文中unlike的意思,可将gregarious理解为与文中a shy person who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.相反的意思,即:表示好交际的。
五、利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释,猜测词义。
例十:Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.文中regulate的词义可猜测为与government control的意思相近。
例十一:One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.文中predominant的词义可猜测为具有与of greatest importance相近的意思。
例十二:Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.文中enormous的词义可猜测为与so large的意思相近。
六、利用基本的构词方法,猜测词义。
例十三:They overestimate the interviewees ability and asked him many difficult questions.在overestimate词中over-是前缀,意为过分。因此overestimate的词义可以猜测为过高估计的意思。
例十四:We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it. Spacious是由词根space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为有空间的,宽敞的。
然而,需要指出的是,不要花费太多的时间去试图猜出所有生词确切的意思,因为有的生词只能猜出大概的意思,有的生词则根本无法猜出其意思。一般来说,碰到一、两个不会的词,无关紧要。重要的是,要弄懂整篇文章表达了什么思想。在阅读理解中要求判断词语意义的问题,通常有下列形式:
1. According to the author, the word means ___________ .
2. By the author means ___________ .
3. Which of the following is nearest(closest)in meaning to ?
4. The word in the passage means ___________ .
5. is ___________ .
6. The word most likely means ___________ .
上一篇: 记忆PETS考试单词五大秘诀
下一篇: PETS四级词汇精选(一)
工作狂不是高效员工,7个特征要自检!
美国停止向沙特出售特定武器
外媒:王思聪不愿接班王健林2000亿资产不要
如果给我三个愿望 IF I Were Given Three Wishes
老外最常用的21个英语习语
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier sends message of condolences to Egypt over church blast
2017高考四川省广安市英语阅读理解一轮系列训练:30(含解析)
2017高考四川省广安市英语阅读理解一轮系列训练:28(含解析)
国内英语资讯:Chinese president sends condolences to Turkish counterpart over terror attack
分手后你做的第一件事是什么?
吴恳大使在《禁止化学武器公约》第21届缔约国大会一般性辩论中的发言
川普与高科技公司高管举行“和解”会谈
2016年12月英语四级作文真题:试卷一 国企还是合资/外企?(考神版)
BBC派仨英国学生去韩国感受魔鬼教育 再次被虐
奥巴马:我们将对外国干预美国选举采取行动
国内英语资讯:China urges U.S. to abide by commitment on S. China Sea issue
4人180天“受控生态生保系统集成试验”结束
2016谷歌热搜榜TOP10:今年网友最关心什么?
2016年12月英语四级作文真题:试卷一 (新东方版)
2016年12月英语四级作文真题&答案:试卷一(新东方版)
雅虎10亿多账号遭黑客袭击
被列入“恶名市场”阿里巴巴很失望
云南一高校宿舍布满裂纹 校方表示不影响安全
美国首只
2016年12月英语四级作文真题:试卷二 就业还是创业?(考神版)
2016年下半年三级口译 真题参考答案及点评
国际英语资讯:Syrias al-Assad vows to continue offensive after liberating Aleppo
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier sends condolences to Turkish counterpart over terror attack
神奇女侠性感过头 被联合国炒鱿鱼?
2016年12月英语四级作文真题:试卷二 (新东方版)