非谓语动词主要包括不定式、的动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、的宾语、的宾语补足语、的定语、的状语、的表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别
动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibitedhere.这里禁止抽烟。
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
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