第三节 药理作用
有些说明书较详细地介绍药品的药理作用。其内容主要包括药理作用、临床药理、体外试验、药物代谢、药效及毒性等。这一项常用的标题是:
Pharmacological Action 药理作用
Pharmacological Properties 药理性质
Pharmacology 药理学
Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理
其他的表示方法还有:
Actions 作用
Actions and Properties 作用与性质
Clinical Effect 临床效果
Mechanism of Action 作用机理
Mode of Action 作用方式
如果药品的一种抗生素,可能出现:
Biological Action 生物活性
Microbiology 微生物学
此外,还有一此其他的表示方法,这里不一一列举。
这一项目中涉及的词汇范围包括药理学、生理学、化学、毒理学、微生物学及医学等学科,专业词汇多,是较难阅读的一部分内容,阅读时可参阅《英汉医学词汇》、《英汉微生物学词汇》及《英汉化学化工词汇》等工具书。另外,还会遇到许多缩写词,如:CNS、EEG、LD50、ECG等,这些缩写词可在英汉医学缩略语词典中查到。
一、常见句型举例
例1. Mean peek serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.
肌注后约30~50分钟之间妥布毒素的平均血药浓度达到高峰。
例2. Nembutal Sodium exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates.
戊巴比妥钠对中枢神经系统产生抑制作用,并显示戊巴比妥类特有的镇静催眠作用。
例3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral circulation and those disorders related to insufficient arterial flow in the limbs.
临床试验证实,本品疗效高,可改善已改变了的脑循环,使之恢复正常,治疗与四肢动脉血流不畅有关的疾病。
例4. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route.
全霉林对葡萄球菌的青霉素酶稳定,对耐药葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具杀菌、耐酸作用,且口服或肌注吸收良好。
例5. Nystain has been found to inhibit the growth of yeast like flora in the intestinal tract.
已查明制霉菌素在肠道内可抑制菌丛类酵母菌的生长。
例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated muscle relaxant.
已证明芬那露是疗效很好的横纹肌松施药。
例7. Halcion is a potent short-acting hypnotic agent, which produces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration.
好而睡是一种强力速效催眠药,它从服药后的第一个夜晚开始产生催眠作用。
例8. Therapeutically, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral vasodilation to increase the blood stream.
从治疗上看,三磷酸腺苷注射剂显示了非常好的效果,特别是在活化神经的功能及代谢,以及舒张冠状与外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。
二、常用词及短语举例
1、动词
absorb 吸收
act 作用
cause 引起
demonstrate 显示
exert 起作用
exhibit 显示
inhibit 抑制
accumulate 积蓄
administrate 投药
excrete 排泄
result in 导致 indicate 表明
maintain 维持
produce 产生
protect 保护
reach 达到
show 显示,表明
treat 治疗
metabolize 代谢
promote 促进
prevent 阻止,预防
tolerate 耐受
2、形容词
active against 对有效的
related to 与有关的
sensitive to 对敏感的
resistant to 有耐药性的 average 平均的
minimum 最低的
maximum 最高的
normal 正常的
3、名词
ability 能力
activity 活性
distribution 分布
excretion 排泄
action 作用
clearance 廓清率
effect on 对的作用
function 功能,作用
half life 半衰期
in vitro 体外 kidney 肾
mechanism 机理
serum concentration 血清浓度
tolerance 耐受性
infection 感染
in vivo 体内
level 水平,浓度
plasm lever 血浆浓度
toxicity 毒性
上一篇: 2015考研英语词汇分类复习:光学
下一篇: 2015考研英语词汇分类复习:交通障碍
体坛英语资讯:Maradona reveals plans to remain Dorados boss
国内英语资讯:Chinese top legislator meets Lao president
外国领导人对“一带一路”竖起大拇指
Where Should the Animals Stay 动物该呆在哪里
大麻二酚产品真的会让你放松吗?
国际英语资讯:Depression over Bay of Bengal, Equatorial Indian Ocean intensifies into cyclonic storm
国内英语资讯:China Focus: Worlds largest horticultural expo opens to public
国内英语资讯:Xi holds talks with Nepalese president
国内英语资讯:Xi delivers speech at opening of International Horticultural Exhibition
The Key to Be Successful 成功的关键
国内英语资讯:(BRF) Feature: In Schwabs eyes, BRI growing into mature initiative
国际英语资讯:More than 300,000 Venezuelan children in Colombia need humanitarian aid: UNICEF
豆瓣9.4的《杀死伊芙》回归,网上一片好评
国内英语资讯:2019 China-California Business Forum to be held in Los Angeles in June
国内英语资讯:Xi meets Italian prime minister
国际英语资讯:Iran denies requiring U.S., Saudi Arabia to negotiate
国际英语资讯:At least 14 killed in coal mine accident in E.Ukraine
国际英语资讯:Tokyo police find knives planted near Prince Hisahitos school desk
全球情绪调查:世界正变得越来越悲伤
国际英语资讯:Greek PM welcomes outcome of Spanish elections as message of hope against far-Right
体坛英语资讯:Nadal continues quest for 12th title, Djokovic stunned at ATP Monte-Carlo Masters
致家长!在社交媒体上发照片前,请先过问下我们
体坛英语资讯:Slovakia beat Austria 5-1 in ice hockey friendly
国际英语资讯:Traditional Chinese medicine introduced to Croatian health tourism
国内英语资讯:Premier Li meets Vietnamese PM
国际英语资讯:UN chief appeals for more resources to those hit by Cyclone Kenneth
体坛英语资讯:Chinese table tennis chief sees World Championships as great test for Olympics
国内英语资讯:China to hold gathering to mark centenary of May Fourth Movement
国内英语资讯:Senior CPC official meets Djiboutian president
体坛英语资讯:Former World No. 1 Ding leads record number of Chinese players to compete at snooker worlds