第七节 不良反应
不良反应这一项中包括药物的副作用、症状及体征、毒性作用及耐受力、过敏反应、停药等。现分述如下:
1.不良反应的常用的英语表示法有:
Adverse Reaction不良反应 Unwanted Reaction不良反应
2副作用的常用的英语表示法有:
Side-effect 副作用 Unwanted Effects 副作用
Side Reaction 副作用 By-effects 副作用
3.常见的霉副反应的症状及体征的词语很多,但记住下列词语很有必要:
allergic reaction 过敏反应
allergy 过敏 dizzziness 眩晕
gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 fever 发热
local reaction 局部反应 flush 潮红
skin reaction皮肤反应 headache 头痛
symptom症状 nausea 恶心
systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙痒
anorexia 厌食 rash 皮疹
blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 痉挛
blood pressure 血压 thirst 口渴
coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦
diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕吐
4.霉性、耐受性的英语表示法:
toxicity 毒性
tolerance 耐受力,耐药性
tolerate 耐受
5.停药的英语表示法举例:
abandon 停药
discontinue 停药,中断
cease停药
dont use 勿使用
suspend 停药
terminate 停止,结束
withdraw停药
6.其他一些常见的基本词汇及短语:
acute 急性的 control控制
chronic 慢性的 diminish减少
common 常见的 disappear 消失
irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到,见到
mild 轻微的 give rise to 产生
normal 正常的 include 包括
rare罕见的 lead to 导致
reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明,显示
severe 严重的 observe观察到
temporary 暂时的 produce 产生
transient 一过性的,短暂的 react to 对反应
appear出现
result from 由引起 be reported 报道
result in 导致 cause 引起
treat 治疗
special careshould be exercised 特别小心
例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.
环丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、消化不良、腹痛、头痛、不安、皮疹、头晕及瘙痒。
例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.
施乐凯的副作用根罕见,因为任何过量的钾都迅速由尿排出。
例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions are only observed in isolated cases.
用推荐剂量治疗时,仅见个别的静脉刺激或过敏反应病例。
例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.
当不良反应发生时,它们往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失。
例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.
最严重的副作用是骨髓损害,因此在治疗期间,要经常监测白细胞计数。
例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.
这些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暂时降低剂量便自行消失。
例7 With high dosage continuous infusion over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.
大剂量连续输注超过 5~7日,胃肠道并发症更为明显,偶尔可导致肠梗阻。停药后副作用皆可逆转。
例 8 In some patients nausea, dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.
服用本品的头几天,有些病人可能会出现恶心、头晕和呕吐,但不必停药。偶有血压下降的病例,为此,在治疗开始前建议对门诊患者检测血压。若副作用持续不消失,应减少服用剂量。
例9 Major adverse reactions include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.
较重的不良反应包括抑制骨髓细胞生成,药物热及肝炎。
例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.
副作用:多数病例出现食欲减退、恶心,有时呕吐。这些症状通常发生在治疗的最初几天,以后逐渐消失。
从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词汇较多,只要有一定的英语基础均可读懂,专业词汇多为医学词汇,可从英汉医学词典中查出。
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