所以:therefore, hence, consequently, then, accordingly, so
Therefore:它引出的语句属于由前述内容得出的结论;
Hence:可与therefore换用,但强调前述内容的重要性;
Consequently:较正式,但不总包含推理的必然,倒是包含结论有依据或是可能性;
Then:表逻辑上的承上启下,多见于条件句;
Accordingly:其内涵顺其自然或依通例行事,而不是一种必然或不可避免的事;
So:最通俗,其为其中唯一的连词!
虽然:although, despite, though, while, as:
Although:位于句首;
Though:位于主句后;
Despite:在 虽然 中,唯一的介词;
While:必须置于主句之前;
As:形容词,副词,名词,行为动词之于句首,引起部分倒装,例如:
Poor as he was, he was honest。
as/though/that she was, she was more clever than an adult。
注意!much as作 虽然 讲,为固定用法。
最后,最终:finally, eventually
Finally:表示一系列事物和论点的顺序,一般不带感情色彩;
Eventually:将必然发生的结局,可用于预卜未来。
特别地,尤其地:especially, particularly, peculiarly, specially
Especially:多用于正式文体;
Specially:在表示 为了某一特殊目的时 ,只能用这个;
Particularly:特别提及或强调地;个别地或具体地,有时可与especially通用;
Peculiarly:与众不同,罕见地,强调独特型。
当 时候: as, when, while
:when从句谓语动词所表示的动作可以发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动词之前,而while和as从句谓语动词表示的动作一般都与主句谓语动词同时发生; :when/as从句表示的时间可以是某一瞬间或某一点,而while从句不能只时间的一点,因为while意为 for as long as 或 during the time that
:当as,when,while表示两个动作同时发生时,一般而言,while表示的动作持续时间较长,而as/when表示的动作持续的时间较短;
:可用when/while+doing,但as不行
:while从句的动词即可表动作又可表状态,而as从句中的动词只能表示动作;
:when引导的从句也可以是新信息,这是when作 and at this moment 或 and then 讲,意为 这时突然 或 然后 。
因为:because, as, since, for
Because:从句是重点,一般位于主句之后;
As:主句是重点,原因只是附带说明,不能用于回答 why
Since:意思与as相近,但是语气更加强和正式,用来表示显然的,已知的理由;
For:理由只是补充说明,有时相当于because,即可表直接原因,但有时则不可,例如:
The ground is wet this morning, for/because it rained last night。
It is morning, for the birds are singing in the trees。
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