大学英语六级语法辅导:形容词和副词的比较等级
语法部分
形容词和副词的比较等级
英语里的形容词和副词有三个比较等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。一般来说,表示等于时用
原级,表示比时用比较级,表示最时用最高级。下面重点谈一下形容词和副词比较等
级的用法。
原级
原级常用于as + 形容词或副词原级 + as结构。如: She is as beautiful as her mother.她和妈妈一样漂
亮。
1. 在否定句或疑问句中可用 so...as。如:
She cannot run so/as fast as you. 她没有你跑得快。
2. 当 as...as 中间有名词时用法为:as +形容词+ a +单数名词+as;as + many/much +名词+as。如:
Russian is as difficult a language as English. 同英语一样难学。
I can eat as much fish as you can. 我也能和你一样吃鱼肉。
3. 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词作修饰语时,放在 as 的前面。如:
This house is three times as big as that one. 这个房子是那个房子的三倍大。
Your dorm is the same size as ours. 你们的宿舍同我们的一样大。
4. 倍数+ as + adj. + as= 倍数+ the + n. + of。如:
This road is three times as wide as that one. 这条路是那条路的三倍宽。
This road is three times the width of that one. 这条路是那条路的三倍宽。
比较级
比较级常用于比较级+than结构。如: Two heads are better than one.两人智慧胜一人。
1. 双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用比较级+than的结构表示。如:
This MP3 is better than that one. 这个 MP3 比那个好。
2. 表示一方不及另一方时,用less+原级+than结构。如:
This building is less beautiful than that one. 这幢大楼不如那幢漂亮。
3. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如:even, a lot,a bit,
a little,still,much,far, yet, by far 等修饰。其中 by far 通常用于强调最高级,用于比较级时,一般放
在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加the。如:
She is by far the best executive in the company. 她目前是公司中最为优秀的决策人。
He is taller by far than his brother. 他比他兄弟高得多。
He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 他比他兄弟高得多。
4. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用the+比较级,the+比较级的结构。
如:
The harder he works,the happier he feels. 他学习越努力,就越感到高兴。
5. 不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用比较级+and+比较级的结构。如:
It is getting colder and colder. 天越来越冷了。
6. 某些以-or 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to 代替 than。这些词有 inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior
等。如:
This western restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week.
这家西餐馆比我们上星期去的那一家好。
7. 在比较从句中为了避免重复,通常用 that,one代替前面出现的名词。that 指物,one 既可
指人,也可指物。that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而 one 只能代替可数名词。例如:
The book on the shelf is more interesting than that on the desk. 书架上的书比桌子上的有趣。
A box made of wood is stronger than one made of paper. 木制的箱子比纸制的结实。
8. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型。用 times 表示倍数, 一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以
上的数。表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。
A) A is three times the size of B.如:
The new building is four times the height of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。
B) A is three times as big as B.如:
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
C) A is three times bigger than B.如:
Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
最高级
最高级常用 the+最高级+比较范围结构表示,比较范围为短语或从句介词短语。如: She once was
the best student in her class. 他曾经是班里最好的学生。
1. 最高级可被序数词以及 much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really 等词语所修饰。如:
That factory is the second largest in the city. 那个工厂是本市第二大工厂。
This microwave oven is by far the cheapest.这个微波炉是最便宜的。
2. 表示最高程度的形容词,如 excellent,extreme,perfect 等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
3. 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略。如:
That person is the richest in the city. 那人是市里首富。
4. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如:
Of all the students he came earliest. 所有的学生中,他来的最早。
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