六级词汇讲义――构词法-查字典英语网
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六级词汇讲义――构词法

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  主讲东刚,京城英语考试辅导名师,其走遍大江南北,深受学生欢迎,连续多年参加大学英语四、六级试卷的评、阅卷工作,辅导经验丰富,效果卓著。

  英语六级词汇讲义

  一、大纲要求

  领会式掌握5500单词,以及由这些词构成的常用词组,并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力。

  二、构词法

  1. Prefixes

  1).dis- disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous , disappoint, disable , disability, discharge, disclose , discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy , disease, disguise, disgust, dishonest, dismay , disorder, dispatch , disperse , displace , disregard , distort , distract

  2).in- inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive , income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous ^, infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject , injection, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane , insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward

  3). im- impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse

  4).il-illegal, illogical

  5).ir- irregular, irresponsible, irrespective

  6).un- unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress ^, uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual

  7).non- nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense

  8).mis- misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse

  9).de- deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode ^, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent , devalue

  10). pre- prefix ^, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside , president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar

  11).ante-, anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique

  12).fore- forehead, foreman ^, foretell ^, foresee ,

  forefather ^, foreleg, forerunner , fore ^, foremost, forecast, forewarn

  13).ex- ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, , extra, extract

  14).post- postgraduate, post-war, postmeridian ^, postpone, postscript ^

  15). sub- sub, subject, subway, subtitle, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb

  16). infra- infrastructure ^, infrared ^

  17). re- react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , reuse, review, revise, revive

  18). co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-co-existence, cooperate, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, compassion, concentric, conjoin, coordinate, correlation

  19). inter- international, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface ^, interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene

  20). macro- macroeconomics ^, macrocosm ^, macrostructure

  21). micro- microcomputer, microeconomics ^, microscope, microphone, microsurgery

  22). super- super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme

  23). sur- surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect

  24). ultra- ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet

  25). auto- auto, autocriticism, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography ^, autonomous , autonomy

  26) .mal- malfunction, maltreat ^, malnutrition ^, malpractice ^

  27). tele- telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise ^

  28).semi-, hemi- semicircle ^, semiconductor, semi-colony ^, hemisphere

  29). uni-, mono- uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue ^, monopoly , monotonous , carbon monoxide

  30).bi-, di- biweekly, bicycle, bilateral ^, billion, dialogue, carbon dioxide

  31).tri- tricycle ^, triangle, trilogy ^, triple

  32). quadri-, quadru- ^ quadruple ^, quadrangle ^

  33). penta- ^ pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium

  34).hexa- ^ hexagon, hexangular

  35) .sept- ^ September, Sept-Wolves

  36). octa- ^ octagon, octave, octopus, October

  37). nona- ^nonagon, November

  38). deci-, deca- decade, decimal

  39). centi- centigrade, centimeter, centipede ^, century

  40). kilo- kilo, kilometer, kilogram, kilowatt ^

  41). mill- millennium ^, millimeter

  42).multi- multi-purpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude

  43).counter-, anti-, contra- counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antimatter, antiwar, contradict , contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast

  44).mini- minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute

  45). max- maximum, maximal ^, maximize ^

  46). out- outdo, outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts ^, outward, outcome, outer, outing , outline, outlook, output, outrage , outside

  47). over- overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass , overthrow , overturn , overall, overdue ^, overhead, overhear , overlook, overseas

  48). trans- transaction , transatlantic, transcend , transfer, transform, transistor , transit , transition , translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter ^, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation

  49). under- underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie ^, underline, undersea, underlying , undermine , underneath, underwear^

  50). neo- neo-Nazism ^, neolithic ^

  51). be- befriend, belittle

  52). bio- biology, biography , autobiography, antibiotic

  53). en- em- embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich

  54). extra- extracurricular, extraordinary

  55).mid- midday, midnight

  56).poly- polycentric, polydirectional

  57). pseudo- pseudomemory, pseudoscience

  58). thermo- thermochemistry, thermometer

  59). vice- vice-chairman, vice-president

  2. Suffixes

  Nouns

  1).ant, -entapplicant, component, servant, student

  2). er, -or, -aremployer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, cooker, conductor, beggar

  3).eeabsentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee

  4). eerengineer, pioneer

  5).an, -ian, -arian historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian

  6). eseChinese, Japanese

  7). istartist, Marxist, capitalist

  8). ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism

  9). -ability, -ibilityability, flexibility

  10). age postage, shrinkage

  11). alarrival, refusal

  12). ance, -enceappearance, reference

  13). ancy, -encyemergency, expectancy

  14). cyaccuracy, bankruptcy

  15). domfreedom, kingdom, wisdom

  16). erybravery, cookery

  17). essactress, lioness

  18). ettecigarette, novelette, cassette

  19). ful handful, spoonful

  20). hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood

  21). ics economics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics

  22). iondecision, discussion, inflation, translation, action, correction

  23). ity, -tyreality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety

  24). mentmovement, agreement, harassment

  25). nesscarelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness

  26). ologyfuturology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology ^

  27). ship hardship, friendship, sportsmanship

  28). thbirth, death, breadth, strength, truth

  29). -ureclosure, exposure

  Adjectives

  30).able, -ibleacceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable , suitable, variable

  31). al educational, additional, normal, natural, essential

  32).an, -arian, -ian suburban, disciplinarian, Canadian

  33). ant, -entdifferent, resultant

  34). ary, -oryadvisory, customary

  35). ate considerate, fortunate

  36). engolden, wooden, woolen

  37). ernnorthern, southern

  38). eseChinese, Japanese

  39). freecarefree, troublefree

  40). ful careful, painful

  41).ic, -icalatomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical

  42). ishselfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish

  43). ivecreative, decisive, supportive

  44). lessuseless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless

  45). likechildlike, ladylike

  46). ly manly, monthly

  47). ous, ious, -uous, -eousvarious, continuous, courageous

  48).proof airproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof

  49). some tiresome ^, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome ^

  50). ward downward, homeward

  51). hairy, noisy

  Verbs

  52). endeepen, fasten, lengthen, strengthen, harden

  53). ifybeautify, classify, electrify, horrify, modify, simplify

  54). ize, -yze, -ise, -yse analyze, modernize, industrialize, popularize, specialisation ^, professionalisation ^

  Adverbs

  55).lyclearly, easily, quickly

  56).ward, -wards inward, outward, upward, downward, homeward, northwards

  57). -wise clockwise, otherwise

  3. Stems

  1). aero aerial , aeroplane, aeronautics ^

  2). agri agriculture, agronomy ^

  3). ann anniversary, annual, semiannual, centennial

  4). astro, aster astrology ^, astronomy , astronaut ^, disaster, asteroid

  5). audi audience, auditorium ^, audit ^, auditor ^, auditory ^ audio-visual

  6). bell rebel, rebellion, rebellious, belligerent

  7) .ced precede, precedent, unprecedented, exceed, proceed, succeed

  8). cid, cis decide, decision, decisive , concise, suicide, homicide, pesticide

  9). claim exclaim, proclaim, acclaim, clamor

  10). clar declare, clarify, clarity

  11). cord cordial, concord, discord ^, accord

  12). cred credible, incredible, credulous, credit, credential

  13). dent dental, dentist

  14). dict contradict, dictate, dictator, predict, indicate, indicative

  15). fact factory, manufacture, benefactor, malefactor

  16). flu fluent, influence, influenza , fluid

  17). geo geography, geometry, geology , geopolitics ^

  18). gram, graph diagram, telegram, program, photograph, geography, telegraph

  19). insul insulate, insulator ^, insular, peninsula

  20). ject project, inject, reject, subject, eject

  21). liber liberate, liberty , liberal, liberalism ^

  22). liter literate ^, literacy, illiterate, illiteracy, literature, literary, literal , literally

  23). log dialogue, apology, prologue, monologue, logic

  24). manu manuscript , manufacture, manufacturer, manual, manage, management, manager

  25). medi immediate, medium, media, mediate, medieval, median

  26). mort mortal, immortal, mortality

  27). nov novel, novelty, novice, innovate

  28). ori orient, oriental, Oriental, orientation, origin, original, originate, disorient

  29). pend depend, dependent, dependency, dependable, independent, suspend, expend, spend, expenditure, expense, expensive, pension

  30). port portable, import, export, deport, porter, support

  31). pur purify , purity , Puritan ^

  32). rect correct, rectify , erect

  33). rupt interrupt, disrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt

  34). sal salary, salad

  35). sist resist, resistance, resistible, consist, assist, exist, insist, persist

  36). spect spectacle, spectacular, prospect, retrospect, inspect, respect, suspect, circumspect ^, spectator , conspicuous , perspective

  37). spir inspire, inspiration, spirit

  38). tract tractor, attract, protract, contract, abstract, extract, distract

  39). urb urban, suburb, suburban

  40).vac vacant, vacation, vacuum

  41). vit vital, vitality, vitamin, vitalize

  42). vis visible, vision, visual, visit, visitor, advice, supervise, television

  43). viv survive, survival, survivor, revival, vivid, vivacity

 

  

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