(1)在英语学习中,我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时,许多人立即翻阅字典,查找词义。 其实,这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力,而且影响阅读速度。事实上,阅读材 料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语 境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时,可利用以下线索:
一 针对性解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。
根据定义猜测词义
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如:
anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知,anthropology就是研究人类的科学。
In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是困境。
定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
2根据复述猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗号中短语意为对词意义进行研究的学科。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指语义学。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义――电容量。需要注意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other,say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。
定语从句
Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder
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