英语学习之语法的十一种时态与例子(一)-查字典英语网
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英语学习之语法的十一种时态与例子(一)

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  一、 非谓语动词

  近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%,平均每年近5道题,可谓是语法项目考查的重点,那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点,解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下:

  1、非谓语动词考查特点

  1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

  对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:

  All things ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

  A. had been canceled B. have been canceled

  C. were canceled D. having been canceled

  四个选项中有三个是谓语动词,只有D是非谓语动词,只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语,则不用考虑时态的问题,答案自明。

  2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

  谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如:

  ① I dont mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

  

  A. you to delay making B. your delaying making

  C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make

  ② Had I remembered ____ the windows, the thief would not have

  got in.

  A. to close B. closing

  C. to have closed D. having closed

  ③ Your hair wants ______ . Youd better have it done tomorrow.

  A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut

  这类题涉及三个方面:

  谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?

  即可接不定式又可接动名词时,结构和意思上有何差别?

  不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?

  3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择

  从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:

  对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如:

  ① The project ____ by the end of 2000, will expand the citys

  telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.

  A. accomplished B. being accomplished

  C. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished

  ② If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humor

  and self-restraint as if I were the one ______.

  A. to correct B. correcting

  C. having been corrected D. being corrected

  同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断①题答案为C,②题答案为D。

  对固定结构的考查,如:

  ① The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his

  arguments in favor of the new theory.

  A. to be based on B. to base on

  C. which to base on D. on which to base

  ② The pressure _____ causes Americans to be energetic, but it

  also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

  A. to compete B. competing

  C. to be competed D. having competed

  ①题为不定式做定语的固定形式,答案为D,②题为某些特定名词的定语结构,答案为A。在英语中有些名词,如动词变来的名词,形容词变来的名词,以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语,不定式没有体的变化。

  4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择

  做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:

  ① ______ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.

  A. Having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being Believed

  ② _______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.

  A. To become B. Become C. One becomes D. On becoming

  ③ Realizing that he hadnt enough money and ____ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.

  A. not wanted B. no to want C. not wanting D. wanting not

  ④ ___ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

  A. Believe B. To believe C. Believing D. Believed

  从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:

  状语类别的判断

  不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。

  非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系

  根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

  非谓语动词的否定形式

  not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。

   独立成分

  有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成 分只记忆即可。如:

  generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。

  5) 做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

  做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如:

  ① They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

  A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed

  ② After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory

  dispute ______.

  A. being settled B. to be settled C. had settled D. as settled

  ③ You will see this product ____ wherever you go.

  A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising

  ④ His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.

  A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondering

  ⑤ When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

  A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating

  ⑥ The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the

  audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.

  A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seated

  考查涉及到

  感官动词后的宾语补足语,如③。

  have, make, let, leave等特殊单词后的宾语补足语。

  regard类后面的宾语补足语

  with独立分句后面的

  常用动词后面的宾语补足语。

  6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择

  表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:

  ① The house was very quiet, ____ as it was on the side of the

  mountain.

  A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated D. having been isolated

  ② These surveys indicate that many crimes go _____ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.

  A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorded C. unrecording D. to have been unrecorded

  分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

  7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

  to可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如:

  ① I have no objection _______ your story again.

  A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to have heard

  ② The traditional approach ____ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems.

  A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deal

  ③ The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager

  of the company.

  A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told

  这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something,这时考查的自然是to的性质;另一种是to在题干中,如③。

  8) 分词前连词的使用

  分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况

  根据连词选择适当的分词形式

  Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.

  A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded

  when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是B,从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,答案应该是D。

  

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