英语四级考试词汇备考笔记(11)

　　主谓一致：指的就是给出主语，要求判断谓语动词是用单数还是复数的问题。

　　一、就近原则：

　　指句子的主语由两部分单词或短语构成时，由离谓语动词近的那部分主语来决定谓语动词的单复数。

　　只有当以下单词或短语连接主句的两部分时就近原则才适用：

　　1. or 或者; 2. either or 不是就是 ，或 3. neither nor 既不也不

　　4. not only but also 不但而且 5. not but 不是而是

　　例如：主语1 or 主语2 谓语动词。 此时由主语2决定谓语动词。

　　10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?

　　A Are B Where C Is D Does

　　如果题目改变为：Either he or his accountants ___ going 则应选A

　　二、句子谓语动词一定用复数的两种情况：

　　1. 集合名词做主语，集合名词没有复数形式，因为他本身就代表一个复数概念。

　　常见的几个复合名词： people 人民，人们; police 警察; cattle 牛; poultry 家禽。

　　2. 表示数量的复数名词 + 不可数名词，整体做主语时

　　例如：去年出口了八百万顿煤。 Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.

　　三、谓语动词一定用单数的六种情况：

　　1. 句子的主语是由从句充当的、动词不定式短语作主语、动名词短语作主语;

　　2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值四方面的词做主语;

　　399. -- How many days?

　　0 -- Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?

　　A are B were C was D is

　　3. 表示单数概念的主语，短语，谓语动词，此时谓语动词也用单数;

　　因为此结构中短语只是对主语提供附加说明情况，所以谓语动词也用单数。

　　当以下这些标志性的介词或介词短语出现在此结构中时可以不管中间的附加说明情况：

　　with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as

　　注意：表示复数概念的主语，短语，谓语动词，此时谓语动词应用复数。

　　4. each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六个词中任何一个所构成的复合代词作主语时;

　　some经常构成的三个复合代词：something, somebody, someone;

　　no经常构成的三个复合代词：nothing, nobody, no one; either of + 短语;

　　5. 通常由and连接两部分这种形式做主语谓语动词要用复数，但在以下两种情况下则应用单数;

　　1 and连接的两部分指的是同一事物;

　　2 and连接的两部分被no, each, every中任何一个词修饰时;

　　例如：每位男士和女士都要着装得体。 be supposed to do sth. 理应，应该做某事。

　　Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.

　　11. Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.

　　A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them

　　many a 很多，相当于many; many a + 可数名词单数，做主语时谓语动词用单数。

　　6. many a + 可数名词单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。

　　9. Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.

　　A have known B know C knows D is knowing

　　not only but also 的一种变形形式，not only but

　　另一种变形形式not only but as well

　　combination n. 密码; combination to the safe 保险箱密码; securities有价证券。

　　-------------------------2000-01-------------------------

　　41. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she _A_ too long.

　　A has been reading B had read C is reading D read

　　had read 过去完成时要与一般过去时搭配。

　　has been reading 现在完成进行时：指某行为从过去一点到现在一直在进行。

　　42. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.

　　A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement

　　tourist attraction 旅游胜地; attention n. 注意力; appointment n. 委任的职位，约会;

　　date n. 日期，约会，枣;表示约会时指的是异性之间的私人约会。 arrangement n. 布置，安排

　　blind date 两人第一次见面的约会。 appointment 指公事性质的，比较正式的约会。

　　43. I dont mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.

　　A you to delay making B your delaying making

　　C your delaying to make D you delay to make

　　mind 后要加动名词; delay v. 耽搁，延误

　　45. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.

　　A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating

　　46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.

　　A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated

　　注意：seat是及物动词，及物动词用主动形式，后面要直接加宾语。

　　Be seated please. 请坐。 英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态。

　　47. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.

　　A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn

　　当wear表穿戴时，而句子的主语是被穿戴的东西时，wear是不及物动词，没有被动语态。

　　65. The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.

　　A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted

　　字根trans在四级中着重考的含义是从一个地方到另一个地方。

　　transform 改革，变革，改变; transport 运输; transfer 转移，移动;

　　transmit 传送，播送;疾病的传染，传播; transplant 移植。