一
There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals.
Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.
Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
1.Our long-term goals mean a lot__.
a.if we complete our short-range goals
b.if we cannot reach solid short-term goals
c.if we write down the dates
d.if we put forward some plans
2.New short-term goals are bulid upon__.
a.two years
b.long-term goals
c.current activities
d.the goals that have been completed
3.When we complete each step of our goals ,__.
a.we will win final success
b.we are overwhelmed
c.we should build up confidence of success
d.we should strong desire for setting new goals
4.Once our goals are drawn up,__.
a.we should stick to them until we complete them
b.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities
c.we had better wait for the exciting news of success
d.we have made great decision
5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___.
a.those who habe long-term goals will succeed
b.writing down the dates may discourage you
c.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination
d.every should have a goal
答案：adcbc
二
The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 . The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The countrys business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920s . As farmers shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950s
b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950s
c. U.S. Economy in the 50s
d. The Federal Budget of 1952
2. In Line 4 , the word boom could best be replaced by______.
a. nearby explosion
b. thunderous noise
c. general public support
d. rapid economic growth
3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________.
a. confidence
b. confusion
c. disappointment
d. suspicion
4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950s?
a. Economists
b. Frmaers
c. Politicians
d. Steelworkers
5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?
a. 60%
b. 50%
c. 33%
d. 90%
答案：cdabc
三
Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.
One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.
College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.
Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.
Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist.
Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University. Spirduso said. If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time.
1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.
a.produce a report on sexual discrimination
b.call for further improvement in their working conditions
c.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination
d.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities
2.From this passage ,we know that _____.
a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texas
b.women play an important part in adminitrating the University
c.the weather on the campus is chilly
d.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University
3.Which of the following statements is true?
a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985
b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985
c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985
d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University
4.One of the positive results from Milburns study was that _____.
a.women were told to con centrate on teir work
b.women were given information about available administrative jobs
c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity
d.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities
5. The title for this passage should be _______.
a.The University of Texas
b.Milburns Report
c.Women Professors
d.Sexual Discrimination in Academia
答案：ddabd
四
Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent .
Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.
1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.
a.traffic accidents
b.smoking-related desease
c.murder
d.all of these
2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.
a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000
3.By dropout the author means______.
a.students who failed the examination
b.students who left school
c.students who lost their way
d.students who were driven out of school
4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.
a.NCI has taken effective measures
b.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
c.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
d.none of these
5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.
a.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
b.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
c.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth
d.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds
答案：bdbdb
五
The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.
1.What is the best possible title of the passage?
a.Drug and Food
b.Cancer and Health
c.Food and Health
d.Health and Drug
2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?
a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons
b.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals
c.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.
d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.
3.How has science done something harmful to mankind?
a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.
b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.
d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.
4.What are nitrates used for?
a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods.
b.They preserve the color of meats.
c.They are the objects of research.
d.They cause the animals to become fatter.
5.The word carcinogenic most nearly means _____.
a.trouble-making
b.color-retaining
c.money-making
d.cancer-causing
答案：cacbd
六
As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between fight or flight and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives,we need to find ways to deal with it.
1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_____.
a.they do not know how to enjoy themselves
b.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
c.they are travelling fast all the time
d.they are becoming busier with their work
2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.
a.not fearing stress
b.knowing the art of relaxation
c.high sense of responsibility
d.having control over performance
3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?
a.We can find some ways to avoid stress
b.Stress is always harmful to people
c.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.
d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress
4.In Paragraph 3, such a reaction refers back to_______.
a.making a choice between flight or fight
b.reaction to stress both chemically and physically
c.responding to crises quickly
d.losing heart at the signs difficulties
5.In the last sentence of the passage,do so refers to ______.
a.expose ourselves to stress
b.find ways to deal with stress
c.remove stress from our lives
d.established links between diseases and stress
答案：dadbc
七
In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to drop out of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called communes, where they could follow their philosophy of do your own thing. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called Drop City. Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Keseys Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.
Not all communes believed in the philosophy of do you own thing, however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinners conditioning techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an archology Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.
1.Why did some young Americans decide to drop out of scoiety during the 1960s?
a.They were not satisfied with American society.
b.They wanted to grow marijuana.
c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.
d.They did not want all people to be equal.
2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?
a.In dome-shaped house
b.In old school huses
c.On a farm inTennessee
d.In an archology in Arizona
3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?
a.Paolo Soleri
b.B.G.Skinner
c.Steve Gaskin
d.Buckminster Fuller
4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?
a.The philosophy of do your own thing
b.Virginaia in the late 1960s
c.The ideas of psychologist
d.The belief that people must live closely togerher.
5.What is an archology?
a.A person who studies archaeology
b.A large building where people live closely together
c.A city in A rizona
d.A technique to contorl people
答案：abdcb
八
There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.
1.This selection can best be titled_________.
a.Measuring Your Intelligence
b.Intelligence and Environment
c.The Case of Peter and Mark
d.How the brain Influences Intelligence
2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.
a.human brains differ considerably
b.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence
c.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligence
d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence
3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.
a.85
b.100
c.110
d.125
4.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.
a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level
b.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his enviroment
c.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence
d.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain
5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q.______.
a.can be predicted at birth
b.stays the same throuthout his life
c.can be increased by education
d.is determined by his childhood
答案：bcbcc
九
As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume
Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.
Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. They are real silk, the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. Worth double the price. But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.
When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking. She informed her daughter.
1.Ediths father _______.
a.did not like present
b.never got present
c.preferred ties
d.was difficult to choose a present for
2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.
a.attractive
b.interested in ties
c.tired
d.in need of comfort
3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.
a.purosely
b.suddenly
c.unwillingly
d.accidentally
4.Ediths father smoked a pipe_______.
a.when he was obliged
b.on social occasions
c.from time to time
d.when he was delighted
5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.
a.coustomers trod on each others toes
b.coustomers poked each other with their elbows
c.customers knocked each other
d.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry
答案：dbdcd
十
If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.
Sagan believes that before the earths resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.
Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.
When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.
a.food
b.oil
c.space
d.resources
2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____
a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere
b.its atmosphere is the same as the earths
c.there is a good supply of water on Venus
d.the days on Venus are long enough
3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.
a.water
b.carbon dioxide
c.carbon monoxide
d.oxygen
4.Algae are plants that can____.
a.live in very hot temperatures
b.live in very cold temperatures
c.manufacture oxygen
d.all of the above
5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.
a.the algae have done their work
b.the atmosphere becomes cooler
c.thereis oxygen
d.it rains there
答案：cabdd
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