英语四级阅读理解改革后新题型练习(4)

　　以下是在线为同学们整理的改革后新题型，供各位考生参考。 Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Section B

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　How to Make Peace with Your Workload

　　Swamped ,under the gun, just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, we ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.

　　Get organized. Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that youll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion, says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. When something can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable. Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can t locate a document or report easily because its lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation, he says. Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.

　　Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time, she suggests. This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if youre reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable, Carlson says.

　　Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, its counterproductive. Unless youre drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, youre not saving any time by attempting to do ten things at once. If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement, Rudy says. Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing. Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one, he says.

　　Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says shes frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to do it all by setting a time limit for each task. I have the type of personality that flits from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate, Brown says. As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I dont end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.

　　Talk to your manager. Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them . There are usually clear priorities in the managers head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employee, says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Greens suggestion unfolds in this manner: If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done. Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and arent just complaining about their workload.

　　Eliminate time wasters. If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly, says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says Youve got an e-mail; and give staff members a set time to visit you. Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roths point. E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand, he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business, he says.

　　Assess your workload before taking on new tasks. The paradox of todays work environment is that the more you do, the more thats expected of you, Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibilities: Is the task aligned with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?

　　Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.

　　46. The more you do, the more you are expected to do has been a paradox in todays work environment.

　　47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers would like to help them decide what to do first.

　　48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to make a balance between business and housework.

　　49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.

　　50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some extent, so you are supposed to keep your work areas tidy and important files at hand.

　　51. To know more about how to maximize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is recommended.

　　52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions and turning off the e-mail notice are suggested in combating interruptions.

　　53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is to make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each task.

　　54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.

　　55. In fact, most of what people retain is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.

　　Section B

　　46. 。题干意为，你做的工作越多，期望你完成的工作就越多已经成为当今工作环境中的一种悖论。注 意抓住题干中的关键词the more...the more...、paradox和work environment。文章段落中，论及悖论和工作环 境的内容在段出现，该段第二句提到，目前的工作环境中存在着一个悖论，那就是你做的工作越多， 期望你完成的工作就越多。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为。

　　47. 。题干意为，只要员工抱有积极进取的态度而不是只抱怨他们的工作量，经理们将乐于帮助员工决定 首先应该做什么。注意抓住题干中的关键词employees和managers、complain about their workload。文章段落 中，论及抱怨工作量以及员工和经理之间关系的内容在段出现，该段末句提到，只要员工有积极进取 的态度而不只是抱怨工作量，经理们应该乐于帮助员工梳理工作的优先次序。由此可知，题干是对原文的 同义转述，故答案为。题干中的as long as和原文中的so long as对应，题干中的decide what to do first和原 文中的 sort out priorities 对应。

　　48. 。题干意为，作为一个单亲妈妈，德博拉查多克-布朗发现很难在生意和家务之间找到平衡点。注意抓 住题干中的关键词single parent和Deborah Chaddock-Brown。文章段落中，论及单亲妈妈和提到人名 Deborah Chaddock-Brown的内容在段出现，该段第二句提到，德博拉查多克-布朗是一位在家工作的 单亲母亲，她说自己经常对既要做家务又要经营自己的事业感到不堪重负。由此可知，题干是对原文的同 义转述，故答案为。题干中的make a balance和原文中的maintaining order对应。

　　49. 。题干意为，有很多有用的方法可以使人们避免产生不堪重负的感觉。注意抓住题干中的关键词 preventfeeling overwhelmed。文章段落中，论及避免产生不堪重负的感觉的内容在段出现，该段第二 句提到，我们可以采用很多方法来管理所有待办事项，以避免产生不堪重负的感觉。由此可知，题干是对 原文的同义转述，故答案为。

　　50. 。题干意为，杂乱的工作区在某种程度上会影响工作效率，所以你应该保持你的办公区域整洁并且重 要文件就在手这。注意抓住题干中的关键词messy work areas、nonproductive和you are supposed to。文章段落 中，论及杂乱的工作区影响工作效率以及保持办公区域整洁的内容在段出现，该段第五句提到，杂乱

　　的工作区在某种程度上会影响工作效率。该段末句提到，因此，你应该花些时间来整理一下自己的办公区 域，把重要的文件、手册和报告都放在随手可取的位置，这样可以在最大程度上提高你的工作效率。由此 可知，题干是对原文部分内容的归纳总结，故答案为。题干中的to some extent和原文中的in some measure对应，题干中的at hand和原文中的in an accessible location对应。

　　51. 。题干意为，若想了解更多关于如何最大限度地提高效率的内容，推荐阅读《高效能人士的七个习惯》。 注意抓住题干中的关键词。文章段落中，只有段提到 了《高效能人士的七个习惯》一书，该段提到，大多数专家都会推荐很多关于如何最大限度地提高效率的 书，其中有一本书一再被提及：《高效能人士的七个习惯》。由此可知，题干是对该段内容的归纳总 结，故答案为。

　　52. 。题干意为，在《组织力傻瓜书》一书中，建议使用语音信箱来减少电话打扰和关掉邮件提示的方法来 对抗干扰。注意抓住题干中的关键词。文章段落中，论及《组织力傻瓜书》一 书的内容在段出现，该段第二句提到，罗思提出了以下建议来对抗干扰：使用语音信箱来减少电话 打扰，关掉您有一封新邮件的语音提示，以及安排出固定时间来见有事找你的员工。由此可知，题干是 对原文的同义转述，故答案为。

　　53. 。题干意为，根据鲁迪所说，停止同时处理多项任务的最佳方法是创建一个优先级工作列表，且每项 工作都规定好最后期限。注意抓住题干中的关键词Rudy、multitasking和deadlines。文章段落中，提到人名 Rudy、论及多项任务以及最后期限的内容在段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，鲁迪建议停止同时进行多 项任务的最佳方法就是创建一个优先级工作列表，且每项工作都规定好最后期限。由此可知，题干是对原 文的同义转述，故答案为。

　　54. 。题干意为，将注意力集中在单个事情上，这会让你觉得你的任务似乎更容易执行。注意抓住题干中的 关键词single matter和your tasks appear。文章段落中，论及单个事情的内容在段出现，该段最后一句提 到，将注意力集中在一项任务上，会让你觉得清单上的任务似乎更可执行。由此可知，题干是对原文的同 义转述，故答案为。题干中的focusing和原文中的concentrating对应，题干中的more possible to be done和 原文中的more doable对应。

　　55. 。题干意为，事实上，人们保留的大部分东西都是可替代的，所以，将可以处理掉的东西处理掉。注意 抓住题干中的关键词retain和dispose。文章段落中，论及保留和处理东西的内容在段出现，该段第三句 提到，当有些东西能被处理时，就处理掉，毕竟实际上大多数你所保留的东西都是可替代的。由此可知， 题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为。题干中的substitutable和原文中的replaceable对应。