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Unit 9
Passage One
On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981.They also did more household work and participated in more of such. organized activities as soccer and ballet . Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50%from 1981 to 1997:boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports;girls log hall that time. All in all, however, children s leisure time dropped from 40%of the day in 1981 to 25% Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents, says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home.
All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself, says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing free time watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let s face it, who s got the time?
21.By mentioning the same time crunch Sandra Hofferth means ________.
A) children have little time to play with their parents
B) children are not taken good care of by their working parents
C) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time
D) both parents and children have trouble managing their time
22.According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ________.
A) quite convincing
B) partially true
C) totally groundless
D) rather confusing
23.According to the author a child develops better if ________.
A) he has plenty of time reading and studying
B) he is left to play with his peers in his own way
C) he has more time participating in school activities
D) he is free to interact with his working parents
24.The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ________.
A) are engaged in more and more structured activities
B) are increasingly neglected by their working mothers
C) are spending more and more time watching TV
D) are involved less and less in household work
25.We can infer from the passage that ________.
A) extracurricular activities promote children s intelligence
B) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
C) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
D) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children
Passage Two
Henry Ford, the famous U. S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, The business of America is business. By this he meant that the U. S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.
Few would argue with Ford s statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as the entertainment industry or show business.
The positive side of Henry Ford s statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U. S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U. S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system crates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford s statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U. S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high creates feelings of insecurity for many.
26.The United States is a typical country ________.
A) which encourages free trade at home and abroad
B) where people s chief concern is how to make money
C) where all businesses are managed scientifically
D) which normally works according to the federal budget
27.The influence of business in the U. S. is evidenced by the fact that ________.
A) most newspapers are run by big businesses
B) even public organizations concentrate on working for profits
C) Americans of all professions know how to do business
D) even arts and entertainment are regarded as business
28.According to the passage, immigrants choose to settle in the U. S. , dreaming that ________.
A) they can start profitable businesses there
B) they can be more competitive in business
C) they will make a fortune overnight there
D) they will find better chances of employment
29.Henry Ford s statement can be taken negatively because ________.
A) working people are discouraged to fight for their fights
B) there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalists
C) there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and labor
D) public services are not run by the federal government
30.A company s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in ________.
A) reduction in the number of employees
B) improvement of working conditions
C) fewer disputes between labor and management
D) a rise in workers wages