Oscar and Jack are identical twins, separated when they were babies by their parents divorce. Jack was brought up by their Jewish father in Trinidad, Oscar went to live with their mothers family in Czechoslovakia. In fact Oscar did not know he was Jewish until Jack found him in Germany in 1954. Jack is proud to be a Jew, but Oscar still does not like to talk about his Jewish heritage. Yet the twins are similar in many ways. They both like spicy food and sweet drinks. In school they both did well in sports but poorly in mathematics.
Are thoughts and behavior determined by heredity or by environment? Social scientists have long been interested in this question; the results of twin studies are particularly interesting to them. Twin studies of the similarities and differences between twins. There are two types of twins: identical twins, who look exactly the same because they have identical genetic characteristics, and fraternal twins, who have different genetic characteristics. In a 1937 study, Newman, Freeman, and Halzinger found that identical twins are more similar in height and weight than fraternal twins. Because identical twins have the same genetic characteristics, the conclusion was that size is determined more by heredity than by environment. In 1962, James Shields compared the height, weight, and intelligence of identical twins who were brought up together with those of identical twins brought up apart . He found that although the differences were small, identical twins who were brought up together were more similar than those brought up apart. Shields concluded that height, weight, and intelligence are largely determined by heredity. However, because of the differences between identical twins brought up together and those brought up apart, these characteristics may be partly determined by environment.
In the case of Oscar and Jack, heredity seems to determine physical and mental abilities, tastes, and behavior. Environment seems to determine thought.
21. After their parents divorce, Oscar and Jack ______.
A. went to live with their mothers family
B. were brought up by their father
C. never saw each other again
D. were separated until 1954
22. Although Oscar and Jack are similar in many ways, they seem to be different in
A. physical ability B. behavior
C. mental ability D. thought
23. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because A. they have the same mother
B. they have the same genetic characteristics
C. they were brought up together
D. they were born at the same time
24. The conclusion of Newman, Freeman and Halzingers 1937 twin study was that
A. size is determined by height, weight, and environment
B. identical twins are taller and heavier than fraternal twins
C. size is determined more by heredity than by environment
D. identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins
25. Shield drew a slightly different conclusion from his study because_______.
A. he also compared the intelligence of the twins in his study
B. he compared twins brought up together with those brought up apart
C. only identical twins were included in his study
D. all of the environment factors were carefully controlled
21. D 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B
上一篇: 四级冲刺练习阅读(153)
下一篇: 四级冲刺练习阅读(163)
国内英语资讯:China, Jamaica pledge to enhance cooperation
外国对中国究竟有多少误解
国内英语资讯:China urges India to withdraw border guards crossing the boundary
国际英语资讯:28 injured in Arkansas shooting
国内英语资讯:China to conduct 7th census in 2020
体坛英语资讯:Sudden withdrawal issue to be investigated at ITTF China Open
Dirty work?
国际英语资讯:Chinese embassy makes donation to help disabled children in Mongolia
国内英语资讯:Chinese VP to attend second Paris Peace Forum
国内英语资讯:Chinese president meets Finnish PM on strengthening cooperation
国际英语资讯:Hundreds of thousands of civilians at risk in Syria amid ongoing violence: UN
体坛英语资讯:Slovan Bratislava remain top of Slovakias Fortuna Liga
联合国宣布哥伦比亚冲突正式结束
众议院通过打击非法移民的议案
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier calls for building of equitable, open world economy
国际英语资讯:Supreme Court allows Trumps revised travel ban in part
遇到难题解决不了?科学告诉你,不妨先睡一觉再说!
国际英语资讯:Americans who studied in China share thoughts on deepening mutual understanding
关于未来,人类最需要了解的10件事
国内英语资讯:Symposium held to mark 70th anniversary of aviation companies uprising