第一步:略读全文,确定结构(0.5-2分钟)
快速浏览文章的第一段以及各部分的小标题,搞清文章的大体结构和主要内容
警告:不要一上来就看后面的问题,对文章没有了解,后面的问题会让你摸不着头脑,增加挫败感.
第二步:分析题眼,原文定位
按顺序做每一道小题,正确理解题目所表达的内容,根据题目中的关键词 题眼,在文中找到相应的位置 。定位词找2-3个就行,多了也记不住。最好是位置不同的两个词。
特别注意:比较容易定位的词是:
1. 比较长,难的名词容易定位,好找。
2. 时间、数字、地点、人名、大写字母的单词容易定位。
划定位线索应遵循以下原则:
(1)形式最鲜明的专有名词和数字时间,而且多多益善。因为这些也有可能是不止一次出现,有两个或者以上,就能比较确定。如:
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
2.General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two lane highways of America.
3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system.
例1的定位词是1921; 例2的定位词有General Eisenhower, 再加上German, 还有America;例3也有鲜明的1950s, 参照American government.
同时要注意读出隐性的数字,也就是本身没有数字,但暗示文章里有数字。如:
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.
这里Death rate当然可能用数字来表达。
9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than ________________.
More than后面也可能是数字。
(2)如果没有如此鲜明的标志,可以找本句的核心概念。还要注意这是为了在原文中寻找相应的东西,所以不一定是意义最重要或者对文章最重要,而是在原文中最可能明确找到的。
4. Many of the problems presented by the country s geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.
6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.
7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.
例4中,在原文中最容易找的会是什么?是 很多问题 ,还是 地理特征 ,还是 创造性的工程 ?应该说都可能。这时候problem好,还是geographical feature等好?对定位而言,可能长得比较怪异的更打眼一些,虽然可能不认识。
例5中,safety consideration可以考虑,而death rate要么是原词,要么是数字,很好用。至于American roads这个概念太泛,不专一,就很难说了。
例6中,interstate highway system是文章的核心概念,反复出现,反而是最不好的定位词。Access between military installations比较怪异,是应该留意的对象。America再次出现,再次贬值。
例7当然是主语重要,宾语是文章主题,对定位无益。
(3)如您不知道一个词的意思的话,您可试估计这字词是正面的(positive)还是负面的(negative),这对您认识文章的意思和作者的意图很有帮助;另外,还需注意文字或句子的形式变化,在文章中寻找答案的难度很多时候是看对字句的形式变化的认识能力。
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