Fire
A gift of the gods. According to an old Greek myth, Prometheus and his brother, Epimetheus, heroes of a race of giants called the Titans, were given the task of creating man. Epimetheus was also to provide all the animals with means of defense or flight. To some he gave courage, strength, and claws with which to fight, and to others long legs, nimble feet, or wings with which to escape. So lavish was he with these gifts to the lower animals that he had nothing left to give to man. Prometheus, however, was determined that man should not be neglected and so, according to the myth, he gained access to heaven and lighted his torch at the chariot of the sun. Returning to earth, he presented fire to man, and with this gift came mans dominion over all the earth.
The first cook. It took a long time, however, to learn how to use this gift. For centuries men lived like wild animals. Their food consisted of nuts, herbs, fruit, and the flesh of animals. Cooking was unknown, and when a wild animal was captured, the savage tore it apart and ate the raw flesh. According to one legend, a hunter, after a long tramp, succeeded in catching a rabbit. On his way home he found a smoldering fire which had been started by lightning. Throwing his rabbit on a log, he lay down and went to sleep. When he awoke, he found that his rabbit had fallen into the fire. In attempting to rescue it, the savage got some of the juice of the roasted rabbit on his fingers. By instinct, he put his burnt fingers to his mouth, and the taste was so pleasing that he immediately finished the rabbit, and this is how man learned to cook.
Reduction of metals. Ages later, man began to use fire to make metals and to form them into spears and hatchets for hunting and fighting. The alchemists, as we know, used fire in their attempts to change the base metals into gold, and today fires are burning in many furnaces producing, if not gold, metals of far greater value to the progress of civilization. Copper, bronze, iron, and steel, produced by fire, have been the stepping stones of mans progress through the ages. The chemistry involved in the extraction, purification, and alloying of metals is so interesting and of such great importance that volumes have been written on this subject.
Heating homes. We are so accustomed to living in heated homes that it is only when something goes wrong with the furnace that we give any thought to the blessed fire. To the savage shivering in his cave, however, a fire was a real blessing, even if it did fill his eyes with smoke. Keeping the home fires burning
was a difficult task for the American Indian, who delegated this to his wife. Woe be to the squaw who let the fire go out. In the wintertime, the fire was built on the ground in the center of the tent, which had a small hole in the top to act as a smokestack. Even the palaces of the wealthy in the Middle Ages were cold and damp, the fireplaces being so inefficient that only a portion of one room could be heated at a time. Not until a comparatively recent date were stoves invented, and furnaces were unknown even when your grandfather was a boy.
How fires are started and stopped. You have learned that burning is rapid oxidation which gives off light and heat. In order to start a fire, three conditions are necessary: something to burn; something to support the combustion; and a means of lighting the fuel . Having lived all his life in a home where the furnace is kept burning all winter, the average person seldom thinks of the difficulty of starting a fire.
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外研版八上《Module 2 Unit 1 Have you ever entered a competition》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 7 Unit 3 Language in use》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 8 Around town》word课中强化类训练
外研版八上《Module 12 Unit 1 You must wait and open it later》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 12 Unit 2 You mustn’t talk too loudly》word练习题
外研版八上《Module 12 Traditional life》word同步练习
外研版八上《Module 7 Feelings and impressions》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 2 Unit 3 language in use》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 7 Feelings and impressions》word课中强化类训练
外研版八上《Module 9 Animals in danger》word课中强化类训练
外研版八上《Unit 1 You like western classical music,don’t you》word测试题
外研版八上《Unit 2 Vienna is the centre of European classical music》word测试题
外研版八上《Module 2 Experiences》word达标测试
外研版八上《Module 4 Education》word练习题
外研版八上《Module 2 Unit 2 Wei Ming has been all over China by plane》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 7 Feelings and impressions》word练习题
外研版八上《Module 8 Around town》word达标测试
外研版八上《Unit 2 When’s the best time to visit your town or country》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 9 Unit 1 We need to protect animals》word练习题
外研版八上《Module 7 Unit 1 That smells delicious!》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 12 Unit 3 Language in use》word练习题
外研版八上《Module 9 Unit 1 We need to protect animals》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 2 Experiences》word试题
外研版八上《Module 4 Education》(Unit 3)word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 6 Unit 2 The white rabbit was looking at its watch》word同步测试
外研版八上《Unit 1 Try not to translate every word》word同步练习
外研版八上《Module 8 Around town》word测试题
外研版八上《Module 3 Journey to space》word课中强化类训练
外研版八上《Module 8 Unit 3 Language in use》word同步测试
外研版八上《Module 9 Unit 3 Language in use》word同步测试