反观2010年六月的六级试题,六级阅读无论是从题材上还是内容上都是与实事热门契合度相当高的,甚至快速阅读和传统阅读的第一篇都不能免俗的提及了去年的热门人物奥巴马,可见平时我们多看英文报纸和资讯对阅读背景知识和词汇积累都是对六级考试有益的补充。
题型解读:
52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?
53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?
54. What is Professor Anne Alstotts argument for parental support?
55. What does the author think of Americas large body of family laws governing childrens welfare?
56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?
57. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?
58. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?
59. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?
60. What accounts for the younger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?
61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?
一 细节为王
大家对于阅读题的普遍认识是有五种题型,分别为:细节题、主旨题、推断题、态度题和语义题。细节题一般是针对原文的具体某一事实性内容的考察,考察题型多为以what , how, when, 等开头的特殊疑问句的形式提问,如2010年6月考试阅读中的53,54,56-60。推断题一般在题干当中会有infer, imply,indicate,learn 等字眼出现如2010年6月考试阅读中的52和61题。之所以叫推断是由于推断题的信息往往不是原文直接表述的,而是通过对比,比较,转折等手段间接说出来的,但并不要求考生根据文章的信息去推理和分析。态度题有的题干问法是针对细节,有的则是针对全文。
而语义题,也称猜词题,则需要结合文章背景,考点中具体单词,短语或句子在上下文中具体的意义。但2010年6月六级考试出现了一个惊人的现象,十道传统阅读有9道题都是以what 开头提问,其中有7道题是细节题。说明六级阅读在本质上依然延续了着重对文章细节考察的这一传统。毫无疑问,细节题一直是复习和备考的重中之重。不仅是2010年6月的试题如此,从历年的真题中,我们发现绝大多数的题目是细节题。这也就进一步证实,阅读题的考察重点是细节题的解题能力,笔者把这种能力归结为:查找加对应能力。也就是根据题干信息查找原文说法,对比原文与选项的能力。
建议做题步骤:
1)看题干,划出定位词。
2)看一题,定位一题。
3)对比原文与题干,找出异同或丢失信息,解题。
定位词一般为题干中的大写,如人名,地名,书名,组织名称等以及除全文主题词之外的词汇,因为本次传统阅读题目主要以what 开头,则尤其应该关注名词。
如:2010年6月六级考试阅读理解中的54题:54. What is Professor Anne Alstotts argument for parental support? A) The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing. B) Good parenting benefits society. C) The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries. D) Children need continuous care.
根据题干中的人名Anne Alstotts可以迅速定位原文第三段第一句As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. 作者指出Anne Alstotts教授认为社会必须给父母提供相应的支持,因为家庭应被定义为一种社会利益。于是可以对比原文得出正确答案B) Good parenting benefits society.正是原文的改写。
再如2010年6月阅读的第 55题. What does the author think of Americas large body of family laws governing childrens welfare? A) They fail to ensure childrens healthy growth B) The fail to provide enough support for parents C) They emphasize parents legal responsibilities. D) They impose the care of children on parents.
题干中虽然有大写的America,但本篇文章整个背景都在围绕美国的社会家庭福利政策,因此America会在整篇文章各处复现。通过这个词汇无法具体确定一个句子,在这样的情况,考生应注意本题题干的另一个名词性部分:large body of family laws。则可迅速找到原文最后一段:The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes。在本句中重点在转折词yet之后,作者指出家长在面对社会所强加给重大责任时,获得极少的帮助。 所以正确答案B) The fail to provide enough support for parents 正是原文的同义转述。
二 逻辑清晰
同时,第56题56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?即考察作者反对将培育子女仅仅作为个人选择这一观点的原因,因此,除了原文事实细节的对应之外,六级还考察文章内在的因果逻辑关系。即使是what开头的这9道题中,经过仔细推敲,我们发现第60题, What accounts for the younger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores? A) Their embrace of radical ideas. B) Their desire to change America. C) Their utilization of the Internet.D) Their strong sense of responsibility.
由于题干中有一个词组accounts for说明; 对...负有责任;证明即60题What accounts for the younger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?在考察根据Henry Flores教授,年轻一代的在政治活跃的优势原因为何。考生应注意到原文Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Marys University credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology. 在这个句子中出现了一个比较生僻的搭配 credit for/to,意为归功于,归因于。即对60题因果关系的回应。在六级阅读考试中,经常考察除纯粹的事实细节之外,有时爱考察前后句间的因果关系。
三 合理推理
推断题说到底是细节题和主旨题的变体考法,之所以叫推断是由于推断题的信息往往不是原文直接表述的,而是通过对比,比较,转折等手段间接说出来的,但具体做法还是细节题或主旨题。
如2010年6月第2篇阅读61题. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? 61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? A) They are politically conservative. B) They reject conventional values. C) They dare to take up challenges. D) They are indifferent to politics.
可以根据题干中大写Generation X定位在最后一段 The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy theyve inherited from Generation X . 结果是这一代的年轻人,在强烈的目标感中成长起来,并摆脱了Generation X留给人的冷漠印象,apathy 正是选项 D) They are indifferent to politics中indifferent的同义词。
一般来说,正确选项会具体表现出四种特征:一,是原文的完全再现;二,是原文的结构,个别名词或动词进行同义替换;三,是原文的主宾颠倒;四,是原文的全文同义替换。这里需要考生注意的就是第二种情况,个别词的同义替换,也就是希望考生朋友们在平时背单词的时候多积累一些同义词,这对阅读题的解题是最有帮助的。
四 命题点与常考语言特征相结合
在六级传统阅读文章中,每篇文章包含450词的信息量,但不是每一句都是作者强调的重点,或者出题人热衷的出题热点。因此我们在阅读文章的过程中也要做到详略得当,张弛有度。在六级阅读中,出题人尤其喜欢针对一些特定的语言特征来设置题目,像特殊的标点符号,,转折关系,比较关系,因果关系,引用,举例等等。
如 2010年6月6级阅读的第2篇文章52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph? 题干给出的推理范围比较大,对应第一段整段。但在第一段中我们不难发现,实际出题人希望我们看到或者重点细读的应为首段最后一句I wasnt surprised when this didnt make the news here in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy.因为此句中既包含表解释说明的特殊符号破折号,又包含弱转折的新旧时间对比词时间副词now, 还包含表示唯一性的词only, 这三个语言现象都是出题人设题的传统热点。仔细读完这句话,我们不难得出52题的答案A) America is now the only developed country without the policy. 美国是发达国家中唯一没有该项政策的国家。
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