英语六级（二）：段落匹配答案及解析

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

　　The Uses of Difficulty

　　The brain likes a challenge and putting a few obstacles in its way may well boost its creativity.

　　A)Jack White, the former frontman of the White Stripes and an influential figure among fellow musicians, likes to make things difficult for himself. He uses cheap guitars that won t stay in shape or in tune. When performing, he positions his instruments in a way that is deliberately inconvenient, so that switching from guitar to organ mid-song involves a mad dash across the stage. Why? Because he s on the run from what he describes as a disease that preys on every artist: ease of use . When making music gets too easy, says White, it becomes harder to make it sing.

　　B)It s an odd thought. Why would anyone make their work more difficult than it already is? Yet we know that difficulty can pay unexpected dividends. In 1966, soon after the Beatles had finished work on Rubber Soul , Paul McCartney looked into the possibility of going to America to record their next album. The equipment in American studios was more advanced than anything in Britain, which had led the Beatles great rivals, the Rolling Stones, to make their latest album, Aftermath , in Los Angeles. McCartney found that EMI s contractual clauses made it prohibitively expensive to follow suit, and the Beatles had to make do with the primitive technology of Abbey Road.

　　C)Lucky for us. Over the next two years they made their most groundbreaking work, turning the recording studio into a magical instrument of its own. Precisely because they were working with old-fashioned machines, George Martin and his team of engineers were forced to apply every ounce of their creativity to solve the problems posed to them by Lennon and McCartney. Songs like Tomorrow Never Knows , Strawberry Fields Forever , and A Day in the Life featured revolutionary sound effects that dazzled and mystified Martin s American counterparts.

　　D)Sometimes it s only when a difficulty is removed that we realise what it was doing for us. For more than two decades, starting in the 1960s, the poet Ted Hughes sat on the judging panel of an annual poetry competition for British schoolchildren. During the 1980s he noticed an increasing number of long poems among the submissions, with some running to 70 or 80 pages. These poems were verbally inventive and fluent, but also strangely boring . After making inquiries Hughes discovered that they were being composed on computers, then just finding their way into British homes.

　　E)You might have thought any tool which enables a writer to get words on to the page would be an advantage. But there may be a cost to such facility. In an interview with the Paris Review Hughes speculated that when a person puts pen to paper, you meet the terrible resistance of what happened your first year at it, when you couldn t write at all . As the brain attempts to force the unsteady hand to do its bidding, the tension between the two results in a more compressed, psychologically denser expression. Remove that resistance and you are more likely to produce a 70-page ramble .

　　F)Our brains respond better to difficulty than we imagine. In schools, teachers and pupils alike often assume that if a concept has been easy to learn, then the lesson has been successful. But numerous studies have now found that when classroom material is made harder to absorb, pupils retain more of it over the long term, and understand it on a deeper level.

　　G)As a poet, Ted Hughes had an acute sensitivity to the way in which constraints on self-expression, like the disciplines of metre and rhyme , spur creative thought. What applies to poets and musicians also applies to our daily lives. We tend to equate(等同于)happiness with freedom, but, as the psychotherapist and writer Adam Phillips has observed, without obstacles to our desires it s harder to know what we want, or where we re heading. He tells the story of a patient, a first-time mother who complained that her young son was always clinging to her, wrapping himself around her legs wherever she went. She never had a moment to herself, she said, because her son was always in the way . When Phillips asked her where she would go if he wasn t in the way, she replied cheerfully, Oh, I wouldn t know where I was!

　　H)Take another common obstacle: lack of money. People often assume that more money will make them happier. But economists who study the relationship between money and happiness have consistently found that, above a certain income, the two do not reliably correlate. Despite the ease with which the rich can acquire almost anything they desire, they are just as likely to be unhappy as the middle classes. In this regard at least, F. Scott Fitzgerald was wrong.

　　I)Indeed, ease of acquisition is the problem. The novelist Edward St Aubyn has a narrator remark of the very rich that, not having to consider affordability, their desires rambled on like unstoppable bores, relentless and whimsical(反复无常的)at the same time. When Boston College, a private research university, wanted a better feel for its potential donors, it asked the psychologist Robert Kenny to investigate the mindset of the super-rich. He surveyed 165 households, most of which had a net worth of $25m or more. He found that many of his subjects were confused by the infinite options their money presented them with. They found it hard to know what to want, creating a kind of existential bafflement. One of them put it like this: You know, Bob, you can just buy so much stuff, and when you get to the point where you can just buy so much stuff, now what are you going to do?

　　J)The internet makes information billionaires out of all of us, and the architects of our online experiences are catching on to the need to make things creatively difficult. Twitter s huge success is rooted in the simple but profound insight that in a medium with infinite space for self-expression, the most interesting thing we can do is restrict ourselves to 140 characters. The music service This Is My Jam helps people navigate the tens of millions of tracks now available instantly via Spotify and iTunes. Users pick their favourite song of the week to share with others. They only get to choose one. The service was only launched this year, but by the end of September 650,000 jams had been chosen. Its co-founder Matt Ogle explains its raison d tre like this: In an age of endless choice, we were missing a way to say: This. This is the one you should listen to .

　　K)Today s world offers more opportunity than ever to follow the advice of the Walker Brothers and make it easy on ourselves. Compared with a hundred years ago, our lives are less tightly bound by social norms and physical constraints. Technology has cut out much of life s donkeywork, and we have more freedoms than ever: we can wear what we like and communicate with hundreds of friends at once at the click of a mouse. Obstacles are everywhere disappearing. Few of us wish to turn the clock back, but perhaps we need to remind ourselves how useful the right obstacles can be. Sometimes, the best route to fulfilment is the path of more resistance.

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　46.The rigorous requirements placed on the writing of poetry stimulate the poet s creativity.

　　47.With creativity, even old-fashioned instruments may produce spectacular sound effects.

　　48.More money does not necessarily bring greater happiness.

　　49.It IS a false assumption that lessons should be made easier to learn.

　　50.Obstacles deliberately placed in the creation of music contribute to its success.

　　51.Those who enjoy total freedom may not find themselves happy.

　　52.Ted Hughes discovered many long poems submitted for poetry competition were composed oncomputers.

　　53.Maybe we need to bear in bear in mind that the right obstacles help lead us to greater achievements.

　　54.An investigation found that many of the super-rich were baffled by the infinite choices theirmoney made available.

　　55.One free social networking website turned out to successful because it limited each posting to one hundred and forty characters.

　　46.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：同义转述题。由题干中的poetry和poet定位到G)段第一句。定位句提到，作为诗人，特德 休斯对表达方式的限制极其敏感，如韵律的规则,而这些限制可促进创造性思维。题干中的stimulate对应原文中的spur, creativity对应 原文中的creative thought,故答案为G)。

　　47.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：细节推断题。由题干中的old-fashioned和sound effects 定位到C)段最后两句。定位句提到，正是因为他们使用了老式机器工作,乔治 马丁和其团队的工 程师才被迫发挥其每一分创造力，创作了像《明天 从未知道》、《永远的草毒地》和《在生命中的一天》 这些歌曲，它们都极具革命性的声音效果。题干中的spectacular对应原文中的revolutionary,故答案为C)。

　　48.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：细节推断题。由题干中的money和happiness定位到H)段第二、三句。定位段第二、三句提到,人们 常以为更多的钱会让他们更快乐。但研究金钱与 幸福之间的关系的经济学家们一致认为，超过一定收入之后,这两者的关联并不紧密。由此可知， 更多的钱并不一定能带来更大的幸福。题干是对定位句的概括,故答案为H)。

　　49.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：细节推断题。由题干中的lessons和easier定位到F)段第二、三句。细节推断题。定位句提到,在学校,教师和 学生都经常想当然地认为如果某个概念简单易学,那么这门课程就是成功的。但无数的研究发现,课堂材料设置得更难以理解消化时,学生会长期记住其大部分内容,并能够理解得更透彻。由此可知,课程设置得简单并不利于学生。题干是 对定位句的概括，故答案为F)。

　　50.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：细节归纳题。由题干中的deliberately和creation of music定位到A)段第三至六句。定位句提到，表演时，怀特故意把乐器放在不方便拿取的地方，因此当他从吉他演奏換成风琴演奏时就得在舞台上狂奔。为什么呢?因为他要逃避他所描述的每个艺术家都会沾染上的一种疾病易用性 。怀特说,音乐制作得太容易时,就会更难以演唱。由此可知,在音乐的创作中故意设置障碍有助于成功。题干是对定位句的概述，故答案为A)。

　　51.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：细节推断题。由题干中的freedom和happy定位到G)段第三句。细节推断题。定位句提到,我们往往把幸福等同于自由。但是,正如心理治疗师及作家亚 当.菲利普斯所观察到的那样,如果我们的愿望 不会遇到任何障碍就能实现,我们就很难知道我们想要什么或者我们的方向在哪里。由此可知，那些享受完全自由的人可能并不开心。题干中的total freedom 对应原文中的without obstacles to our desires,故答案为 G)。

　　52.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：细节归纳题。由题干中的Ted Hughes和long poems定 位到D)段第二、三、五句。细节归纳题。定位句提到,诗人特德 休 斯一直是英国小学生年度诗歌比赛的评审团成员。在20世纪80年代，他注意到在提交的作品中长诗出现得越来越多，经过多方打听，休斯发现这些作品都是在计算机上创作的。题干是对定位句的概述，故答案为D)。

　　53.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：同义转述题。由题干中的the right obstacles定位到K)段最后两句。定位句提到，我们需要提醒自己的是正确的障碍用处很大。有时候,取得成功的最佳路线是那条充满了更大阻力的路径。由此对知，正确的障碍有助于引导我们取得更大的成就。题干中的bear in mind对应原文中的 remind ourselves, greater achievements 对应原文中的fulfillment,故答案为K。

　　54.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：同义转述题。由题干中的investigation和the super-rich 定位到I)段第三句和第五句。同义转述题。定位句提到 罗伯特 肯尼曾调查过超级富来们的心态,他发现其中许多受 试者对金钱带给他们的无限选择表示很闲扰。题干中的baffled对应原文中的confused, their money made available 对应原文中的their money presented them with,故答案为 I)。

　　55.ANSWER 答案

　　2013年12月六级阅读长篇阅读解析：同义转述题。由题干中的one hundred and forty characters定位到J)段第二句。定位句提到,推动的巨大成功源于简单而深刻的见解:在拥有无限的自我表达空间的媒介中，最有趣的事莫过于只能用140个以内的字符去表达自我。题干中的free social networking website 对应原文中的 Twitter limited each posting to 对应原文中的restrict ourselves to,故答案为 J)。

　　学习confer，conference，consult，consultant等等单词的含义及对应的例句。