1. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today.
【译文】这是一位德国土壤科学家所持的非正统的观点，他的研究表明在亚马逊流域焚烧树木获得空地这种方式可追溯到1000多年前，帮助开辟了一片片肥沃的土壤，到今天仍然惠及众多农民。
【析句】复合句。主句This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist, who has shown...作定语从句修饰a German soil scientist, shown后有that引导的宾语从句burnt clearings helped create patches...soil。宾语从句中，dating back more than...years是现在分词作主语burning clearings的定语，最后soil后有that引导的定语从句修饰。
2. The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for virgin forest.
【译文】这项发现进一步证实了这种理论：亚马逊流域大面积的森林已经从过去的农业使用中恢复原貌，以致于好几代生物学家将其误认为是原始森林。
【析句】复合句。主句是The findings add weight to the theory,the theory后that引导同位语从句表明the theory的具体内容。同位语从句的主干是large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well that..., 用到了so...that短语，其中，that引导结果状语从句。
3. Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from black carbon-the organic particles from camp fires and charred wood left over from thousands of years of slash-and-burn farming.
【译文】格莱瑟的研究显示，这种肥沃的有机物质，大部分来自炭黑这种有机颗粒来源于几千年来砍伐焚烧农耕模式遗留下来的营火和烧焦的木炭。
【析句】主句Glaser has shown that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的主干是most of this fertile organic matter comes from black carbon, 破折号后，the organic particles作black carbon的同位语。这里的同位语后没有定语从句，而且用了介词短语from camp fires and charred wood作定语修饰，而camp fires and charred wood后又有过去分词left over...作定语修饰。