1. The purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph One is __________
to describe the work of some Chinese scholars
to arouse readers interest in hieroglyphic
to lead readers onto the main theme
to link the preceding part to the present one
2. We learn from the passage, all English dictionaries include __________
legends
mythology
word origins
word definitions
3. The example of tantalize is to show __________
how the word came into existence
how Tantalus was punished in the lower world
how all English dictionaries show word origins
how the meaning of the word changed over the years
4. According to the passage, which of the following does NOT have origins in myths or legends?
Jovial.
Wednesday.
Earth.
March.
5. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
Greek and Roman Mythology in Language.
Mythological Origins of English Words.
Historical Changes in Word Meanings.
Mythology and Common Words. 文章精要
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过举例来阐述英语单词很多都来源于神话和传说。第一段通过列举单词tantalize与其词源Tantalus的例子引出主题。第二、三段分别以siren,jovial mood,herculean effort等词或短语为例来说明主题,第三段同时还提到许多常见的单词,如一周的日子和一年的月份的命名同样来自神话故事,以此结尾总结全文,呼应主题。
1.C推断题。一般来说,全文的第一句话是用来引出主题的,但是对于英文短文来说,有时主题在最后才出现。本文的开头引出了tantalize这个词,接着第二句就说明了这个词的来源,它是众多来源于过去的神话和传说的英语单词之一。通过后文我们也能看到,文章举了很多例子,都是用来说明主题,因此本题选C。选项A,虽然首句说的是中国学者被描述成被神秘的龙骨象形文字逗弄的人,但这句话对于第一段来说,并不仅仅要去说明学者的工作,后文也没有再提学者的工作,因此A是错误的。
2.D细节题。第一段第四句提到,在许多英语字典里,一个词释义的前面或后面通常有一个括号,括号里简单地给出了这个词的来源。因此可以看到所有的英文字典均提供词语解释,但并非所有的字典都给出了词源,故D正确。
3.A推断题。我们先来看看tantalize这个例子:对于tantalize这个词,字典给出了如下的解释:找到。这表示你得找到Tantalus这个名字从而找出tantalize这个词的根源。如果这样做的话,你就会发现,在希腊神话里,丹达罗斯是一位国王,因其犯过罪而被打入阴间并被罚站立在只到下巴深的水中,当他想去饮水时水总是流走了,其头上挂有水果,但当他想拿水果时却够不着。接着在最后一句里作者写到:现在你能猜到为什么他的名字变成了动词表示以唤起欲望来戏弄或折磨某人的意思了吗?由此可以推断出A正确。一般而言,举例的作用是说明某个论点,而不是就例说例,B只是在解释例子本身,因此是错误的。而D文中并没有涉及,因此也是错误的。选项c过于概括,不是tantalize这一个例子所能揭示的,因此也是错误的。
4.C细节题。第三段第五句提到,事实上,所有的行星,除了我们生活的地球外,都是以罗马神话中神的名字命名的因此很明显,C是答案。选项A和B在文章中可以明确地找到答案,通过第三段第三句也可以得知:许多常见的单词,如一周的日子和一年的月份的命名同样来自于神话故事。
5.B主旨题。通览全文可以看出,文章都在讲英语单词的词源,作者以各种单词或短语为例,阐述了英语里许多单词都来源于神话和传说这一事实,所以正确答案是B。主旨题一般不能直接在文中定位找到对应的答案,这种题的关键在于总结全文,本文的主题是英语单词的神话词源,主题的中心词是origins,因此答案很容易就选出来了。
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