1、词汇量是基础
此处的词汇包括基础词汇和四级核心词汇。词汇是语言的基石,是文章的最基本单元,没有一定的词汇量作基础,提高并掌握阅读技巧就无从谈起。
一是必须牢牢掌握四级英语考试大纲规定的词汇。
二是要灵活运用、不应死记硬背。英语中的一词多义现象很普遍,同一单词在不同语境下会有不同的意思,所以杜老师建议大家,可以通过阅读文章,把词汇放在语境之中来巩固词汇。例如:大家很熟悉的matter一词在不同的场合表达不同的意义:Its an important matter。The article is full of matter。 It is a matter of no laughing。此外, printed matter的意思是印刷品。因此,在记忆单词时一定要灵活。
三是不应该盲目根据已掌握的词根词缀来推测单词。当遇到不熟悉的词根词缀,并且通过上下文发现自己猜测的好像也不太和文章相关的情况下,一定要动手查字典核实。例如,2002年四级阅读考到一篇关于大学生应该收到泛泛教育的话题,其中18题的D the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked,许多学生看到overlooked该单词时,会根据已有的词根词缀拆分单词的方法,讲over-前缀理解为过度过多从而将 overlooked理解为高看的导致和正确选项擦肩而过。
四是不应忽视掌握英语短语。四级英语阅读中会大量出现短语。有些短语的意思和构成该短语的单词的字面意思相去甚远,较难掌握,而这又恰恰是考试的重点,因此,熟练掌握考纲规定的短语也是考生必须具备的能力。
五是适当扩充词汇量。应通过课外阅读英文报刊、浏览英文网站,观看英文电影等方式逐步增加词汇储备,经过积累会在阅读时得心应手。
2、句法是关键
掌握充足的词汇并不等于看懂文章。目前,六级英语阅读理解文章中的句子结构趋向复杂化,长句多、难句多。读懂长难句,关键是从结构入手。综观历年真题可以发现六级阅读理解中的长难句不外乎两种结构即环环相扣型和主谓分离型。所谓主谓分离型就是主语和谓语动词间经常被插入语分离,其标志就是双逗号。例如 Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title: the MBA 主语是Bill Gates,谓语动词is raising,宾语doubts;而环环相扣型指一个长句子有诸多定语从句和同位语或状语从句环环相扣而成。例如According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students , todays traditional age college freshmen are more materialistic and less altruistic than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. 据此原则,遇到长句子时不要乱了方寸,首先看一下它属于哪种结构从而理解句子主干的意思,找出句子的主谓宾,其次,分析句子的修饰部分,找出句子的 定状补,经过这两个步骤才能准确把握整个句子的意思。
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