六级阅读常见考点解析（2）：逻辑关系：并列、因果

除了最熟悉的转折以外，逻辑关系还包含：并列、举例、因果、递进等等。

而紧排在转折之后，相对在历年真题中较多出现的考查处，分别是：并列和因果。

常见表示并列的方式：词语方面有and, while（同时）, meanwhile, also；标点符号上，通常是两个句子之间用分号（；）隔开，表并列。

常见表因果的方式：词语方面有because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result等。需要注意的是当why引导一个问句时，考点出处往往是紧接着回答此问题的句子或相邻的几个罗列点或相连几段话的首句。

并列和因果都比较难以察觉，需要同学平时练习过程中就有意识地对这两种逻辑关系进行关注。

真题再现

例1：（并列）

They werent looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldnt compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.（2011.6,cet 4）3. Why couldnt Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?

A. Its food lacked variety.

B. Its people cared more for quantity.

C. It was short of well-trained chefs.

D. It didnt have flavourful food ingredients.

【答案】B

【解析】本段后半部分提到，这种只重数量不重质量的习惯持续了几十年，这意味着一代英国人是被无法和邻近的法国、意大利、比利时和西班牙相媲美的食物养大的。由此可知，英国食物无法跟邻国竞争是因为英国人只重数量不重质量。B选项是对原文中prioritisation of quantity over quality的同意转述。

例2：（因果）

American tourists, however, shouldnt expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies dont turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.

55. What is the authors advice to Americans?

A. They treat the dollar with a little respectB. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble

C. They vacation at home rather than abroad

D. They treasure their marriages all the more.

【答案】C

【解析】面对美元贬值给美国人带来的民族自尊上的困扰，作者给美国人提出建议：如果想要避免困扰，最好取消去英国的旅行，转而前往新英格兰（美国的一个地区）旅行。换句话说，作者建议取消去国外的旅行，转而在国内旅行。

又到了做题时间，大家动动手吧！

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lees is one of them.

The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.

1. By a one-way street (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

A. university researchers know little about the commercial worldB. there is little exchange between industry and academiaC. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a universityD. few university professors are willing to do industrial research2. What was Helen Lees major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A. Her research interests.

B. Flexible work hours.

C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.

【答案】1.C 2. A

【解析】

1. 考点出处：第一段While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.

文章首句提到这在很大程度上是一条单行道，接下来谈到同时，大学研究人员去工商业界碰运气很普遍，但是向反方向走的却很少。这里的反方向指的就是工商业界去大学工作，由此可知，作者是想用单行道来描述很少有实业科学家去大学工作这一现象，故答案为C。

2. 考点出处：第二段Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.

该句提到，Helen Lee在事业发展的中期返回学术界的主要原因（Her main reason for..）是想利用那里更大的自由选择研究专题权利，由此可知她是为了她的研究兴趣才更换工作的。A选项中Her research interests.对应原文中的freedom to choose research questions.所以，答案为A。

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