2015考研英语阅读药物

　　Pharmaceuticals

　　药物

　　Give, and it shall be given unto you

　　赠人玫瑰手有余香

　　Drug companies in Japan invest in curing diseasesof the poor

　　日本药品公司投资为穷人治病

　　JAPAN s pharmaceutical firms are an inventive bunch: only the American and British drugsindustries produced more new medicines between 2005 and 2008.

　　日本制药企业是充满创造力的工厂，在2005到2008年中，只有美国与英国的制药工业研发的新药比日本多。

　　But their record on healing the diseases of the poor is not so good.

　　不过他们在治疗穷人上表现欠佳。

　　The Access to Medicine Foundation, anon-profit group, tracks drug firms efforts to serve patients in developing countries; and inits ranking of the 20 biggest ones, Japanese firms occupy four of the bottom six rungs.

　　非盈利组织The Access to Medicine Foundation记录了制药公司在救助发展中国家病人上的表现。在20所最大的制药公司中，日本公司在最后6位中排名第四。

　　That may change. On November 8th the Global Health Innovative Technology Fundannounced its first grants, to advance treatments for malaria, tuberculosis and Chagasdisease, a potentially fatal and frequently debilitating ailment spread by ghastly,bloodsucking kissing bugs.

　　但这数字有可能改变：11月8号，全球健康革新科技基金宣布它的首笔用于改进疟疾、肺结核和锥虫病的治疗手手段的拨款。

　　The fund, launched earlier this year, is a public-private partnership that includes fiveJapanese drugmakers: Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Shionogi and Takeda.

　　这基金成立于今年早些时候，是由5家公私合营的日本制药企业组成的，成员为Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo,Eisai, Shionogi and Takeda。

　　Criticism of pharma companies for restricting low-income countries access to drugs reached ahead at the turn of the millennium, when makers of life-saving HIV treatments refused toprovide them at affordable prices to patients in Africa.

　　在千年之交制药厂限制低收入国家购买药物途径，那时HIV治疗品制药厂拒绝以合理的价格将药品卖给非洲病人。

　　The resulting outrage forced the drug firms to rethink their policies.

　　这一行为遭到指责。而这一引起公愤的结果迫使制药公司重新思考他们的政策。

　　Today most of the biggest ones tout themselves as allies in the fight against infectiousdisease.

　　现在大多数大型制药公司作为联盟联合起来与传染疾病作斗争。

　　In some cases this means donating medicines, or licensing technology to makers of genericdrugs.

　　某些情况下这意味着捐药或者下放技术给一般药物厂。

　　In others it means collaborating to develop a new vaccine or treatment.

　　或者意味着合作开发新疫苗和治疗方式。

　　For example, GlaxoSmithKline, a British firm that tops the Access to Medicine Foundation sindex, will next year seek regulatory approval for a malaria vaccine.

　　例如GlaxoSmithKline一家英国制药厂将会在明年寻找疟疾疫苗的调整方法。

　　The Bill Melinda Gates Foundation helped to finance its development.

　　比尔盖茨夫妇基金将会投资这一研发。

　　With the GHIT Fund, the five Japanese firms are trying a slightly different model.

　　这5家日本企业希望用GHIT基金来发展一个有所不同的模式。

　　Each will put in 1m a year for five years.

　　在5年中，每家公司每年会投100万美金。

　　Together with investments from the Gates Foundation and Japan s government, the fund willadd up to more than 100m.

　　加上来自盖茨基金和政府投资，这一基金将会有超过1亿美金的资金。

　　This will be doled out to partnerships between Japanese and foreign institutions.

　　这会少量的发放给日本和外国研究所。

　　For instance, researchers at Osaka University and Gulu University in Uganda will get 735,000to improve the effectiveness of another proposed malaria vaccine.

　　马上，Osaka大学和乌干达Gulu大学的研究者就会获得735,000用于提高另一种疟疾疫苗的效率。

　　An important question for the fund, as with any similar endeavour, is how much the resultingnew treatments will cost.

　　对于这个基金来说一个重要的问题就是在同等努力下研发新治疗方法要花多少。

　　GSK plans to sell its malaria vaccine at 5% above the cost of production, with proceedspumped back into research for infectious diseases.

　　GSK计划以生产价的105%来出售他的疟疾疫苗，作为研究传染性疾病的后续资金。

　　Even so, some advocates worry it will still be too expensive.

　　即使这样，一些支持者担心定价仍有点高。

　　B.T. Slingsby, a former Eisai executive who now runs the GHIT Fund, says that drugsdeveloped in its research programmes will be licensed without royalties in the poorestcountries.

　　之前B.T. Slingsby Eisai的总经理，现在GHIT的经营者说这个项目研发的药品在那些贫穷国家中被免版税使用。

　　In other markets, the fund will aim more or less to break even.

　　在其他市场中该基金则希望或多或少的打破平衡。

　　The companies beneficence may reap long-term rewards, however.

　　但是公司的利益可能是长期回报。

　　For some time they have been seeking to expand their presence beyond Japan s shores.

　　有时他们在寻求途径希望自己的定位不仅仅是日本企业。

　　In 2011 Takeda bought Nycomed, a Swiss drugmaker, for about 14 billion.

　　2011年Takeda以140亿美金的价格买下了瑞士制药厂Nycomed。

　　In 2008 Daiichi Sankyo spent nearly 5 billion on Ranbaxy, an Indian drugmaker that has sincebeen plagued by safety issues.

　　2008年Daiichi Sankyo投资近50亿在Ranbaxy。这是一家因为安全问题惹上麻烦的印度制药公司。

　　The GHIT Fund will be a far smaller, and less controversial, investment.

　　GHIT基金会成为缩小规模减少争议的组织。

　　But it will help the firms build links with prestigious research institutions in America andEurope, and eventually introduce Japanese drug brands to patients, and health ministries, inemerging markets.

　　但他会帮助公司与欧美知名研究机构建立联系，并最终让新兴市场的病人和卫生部知道日本品牌。

　　Aid now may lead to profit later.

　　然后或许就可以创造利益。

　　词语解释

　　1.force to 强迫

　　Rebound force to achieve increased.

　　实现反弹力的增高。

　　The syrian army was designed as a static force toward off an israeli attack, but it has shown itself tobe surprisingly flexible.

　　叙利亚军方在应对以色列袭击的时候被描述成静态部队，但在这次它却展示了惊人的灵活作战能力。

　　2.add up to 等于; 意味着; 总起来说

　　These points add up to free air miles or cash discounts.

　　这些积分最后加起来就可以折算成免费旅程或现金折扣。

　　Monthly interest payments can add up to hundreds of dollars over the course of a year.

　　在一年的时间里，每月支付的利息加起来可达数百美元。

　　3.pump back 回抽作用

　　Stop staring at me like a cow! Pump him back up!

　　别像只母牛似的盯着我看!快救活他吧!

　　People there will pump me into the river and I will go back into the sea again.

　　人们会用泵把我抽到河流中然后我再回到大海中。

　　4.seek to 设法;企图，试图

　　Yet some expect him to seek to remove term limits.

　　可是，部分人士期望他设法废除任期限制。

　　And they seek to benefit from tiny operational changes.

　　他们也自生产流程的细微变更中寻求收益。