狗会表现出的嫉妒行为 This will not surprise most dog owners: Dogs can act jealous, finds a new study from the University of California, San Diego. Darwin thought so, too. But emotion researchers have been arguing for years whether jealousy requires complex cognition. And some scientists have even said that jealousy is an entirely social construct -- not seen in all human cultures and not fundamental or hard-wired in the same ways that fear and anger are. The current study -- published in PLOS ONE by UC San Diego psychology professor Christine Harris and former honors student Caroline Prouvost -- is the first experimental test of jealous behaviors in dogs. The findings support the view that there may be a more basic form of jealousy, which evolved to protect social bonds from interlopers. Harris and Prouvost show that dogs exhibit more jealous behaviors, like snapping and pushing at their owner or the rival, when the owner showed affection to what appeared to be another dog . Dogs exhibited these behaviors more than if the same affection was showered on a novel object and much more than when the owner s attention was simply diverted by reading a book. Our study suggests not only that dogs do engage in what appear to be jealous behaviors but also that they were seeking to break up the connection between the owner and a seeming rival, Harris said. We can t really speak to the dogs subjective experiences, of course, but it looks as though they were motivated to protect an important social relationship. Since there had been no prior experiments on dog jealousy, the researchers adapted a test used with 6-month-old human infants. They worked with 36 dogs in their own homes and videotaped the owners ignoring them in favor of a stuffed, animated dog or a jack-o-lantern pail. In both these conditions, the owners were instructed to treat the objects as though they were real dogs -- petting them, talking to them sweetly, etc. In the third scenario, the owners were asked to read aloud a pop-up book that played melodies. Two independent raters then coded the videos for a variety of aggressive, disruptive and attention-seeking behaviors. Dogs were about twice as likely to push or touch the owner when the owner was interacting with the faux dog as when the owner was attending to the pail . Even fewer did this in the book condition. About 30 percent of the dogs also tried to get between their owner and the stuffed animal. And while 25 percent snapped at the other dog, only one did so at the pail and book. Did the dogs believe the stuffed animal was a real rival? Harris and Prouvost write that their aggression suggests they did. They also cite as additional evidence that 86 percent of the dogs sniffed the toy dog s rear end during the experiment or post-experiment phase.
上一篇: 巴菲特捐28亿股票打破个人捐款记录
下一篇: 欧美各航空公司暂停飞往以色列的航班
英国下议院议长辞职 再也听不到他的“order”了
普京给自己涨工资 总理跟着一起加薪
似乎永不休止的感冒 为什么一直不见好转
国内英语资讯:Top political advisor stresses religious affairs management
只因有卷福照片 免费杂志竞拍价30元英镑
上班族妈咪致格温妮丝的公开信
突发CEO闹绯闻 公关危机的正确做法
英国将恢复PSW签证 留学生毕业后可留英两年
国际英语资讯:Israeli PMs annexation plan draws condemnation from Palestinian, Arab leaders
浪漫春季自然行 让你的身心一起行动起来吧
美国爸爸花百万造超级房车 带女儿周游世界
国际英语资讯:ASEAN, China, Japan, S.Korea reaffirm commitment to multilateral trading system
亚马逊将推出"徒手"支付
体坛英语资讯:2nd China Youth Games concludes in Taiyuan
国内英语资讯:Xi meets representatives of outstanding units, individuals in education circles
巴基斯坦9月大男孩被控谋杀 终交保获释
每天都是一首歌
国内英语资讯:Xi Focus: Strengthening the rank of teachers
体坛英语资讯:Depay, Dembele lead Lyons six-goal rout of Angers in Ligue 1
现如今北京全球化程度已超华盛顿
体坛英语资讯:Gasquet advances into first Cincinnati semi
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier exchanges views with U.S. entrepreneurs on trade
国内英语资讯:Economic Watch: China lifts investment quota limit for QFII, RQFII amid financial opening-up
致蓝天白云:Windows XP经典桌面的故事
香蕉姑娘吃水果减肥 最多一天吃51根香蕉
中国药科大学用人脸识别考勤引争议
世界气象组织:今年可能出现厄尔尼诺现象
俄总统普京下令给自己涨工资 薪资上调1.65倍
肯德基卖“炸鸡手花” 毕业舞会送吃货舞伴
英国好老板:给员工放假看《权力的游戏》