13 Skyscrapers and Environment
In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut , which has a population of more than 109, 000.
上一篇: 2012考研阅读资料经典美文7
下一篇: 2012考研阅读资料经典美文3
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 4 Lesson26 Looking at Pictures》PPT课件
冀教版(一起)六上《lesson 29 A Special Supper》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 22 What will you do at the beach》ppt课件1
冀教版(一起)六下《lesson 25 Buying Gift》ppt课件
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 3 What will you do this summer Lesson24》PPT课件
冀教版(一起)六下《lesson 27 I Remember》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六上《lesson 27 Let’s Clean the House!》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 20 Tomorrow We Will Work and Play》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 14 I Like Winter!》ppt课件1
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 18 Christmas Cards》ppt课件1
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 17 Summer is coming!》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 20 Tomorrow We Will Work and Play》ppt课件1
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 21 The Christmas Story》ppt课件1
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 3 Lesson20 Tomorrow we will work and play》PPT课件
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 24 Again, please!》ppt课件
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 4 Lesson25 Buying Gift》PPT课件
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 4 Lesson28 A party for Li Ming》PPT课件2
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 22 It’s Christmas Morning!》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 21 The Christmas Story》ppt课件2
冀教版(一起)六上《lesson 25 Spring Festival》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 16 Again, please!》ppt课件
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 5 At the Movies》ppt课件1
冀教版(一起)六下《lesson 29 Surprise!》ppt课件1
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 17 Summer is coming!》ppt说课稿
冀教版(一起)六上《lesson 26 What Year Is It》ppt课件
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 3 Lesson17 Summer is coming》PPT课件
冀教版(一起)六上《Lesson 17 Christmas Is Coming!》ppt课件
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 3 Lesson19 Do you like to fly a kite》PPT课件
冀教版英语六下(一起)《Unit 4 Lesson28 A Party for Li Ming》PPT课件包
冀教版(一起)六下《Lesson 17 Summer is coming!》ppt课件1