1987年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析

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　　1987年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Each of three passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers, read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　Text 1

　　For centuries men dreamed of achieving vertical flight. In 400 A.D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that spun upwards and fell back to earth as rotation ceased. Leonardo da Vinci conceive the first mechanical apparatus, called a Helix, which could carry man straight up, but was only a design and was never tested.

　　The ancient-dream was finally realized in 1940 when a Russian engineer piloted a strange looking craft of steel tubing with a rotating fan on top. It rose awkwardly and vertically into the air from a standing start, hovered a few feet above the ground, went sideways and backwards, and then settled back to earth. The vehicle was called a helicopter.

　　Imaginations were fired. Men dreamed of going to work in their own personal helicopters. People anticipate that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Such fantastic expectations were not fulfilled.

　　The helicopter has now become an extremely useful machine. It excels in military missions, carrying troops, guns and strategic instruments where other aircraft cannot go. Corporations use them as airborne offices, many metropolitan areas use them in police work, construction and logging companies employ them in various advantageous ways, engineers use them for site selection and surveying, and oil companies use them as the best way to make offshore and remote work stations accessible to crews and supplies. Any urgent mission to a hard-to-get-to place is a likely task for a helicopter. Among their other multitude of used: deliver people across town, fly to and from airports, assist in rescue work, and aid in the search for missing or wanted persons.

　　11. People expect that ________.

　　[A] the airliners of today would eventually be replaced by helicopters

　　[B] helicopters would someday be able to transport large number of people from place to place as airliners are now doing

　　[C] the imaginations fired by the Russian engineers invention would become a reality in the future

　　[D] their fantastic expectations about helicopters could be fulfilled by airliners of today

　　12. Helicopters work with the aid of ________.

　　[A] a combination of rotating devices in front and on top

　　[B] a rotating device topside

　　[C] one rotating fan in the center of the aircraft and others at each end

　　[D] a rotating fan underneath for lifting

　　13. What is said about the development of the helicopter?

　　[A] Helicopters have only been worked on by man since 1940.

　　[B] Chinese children were the first to achieve flight in helicopters.

　　[C] Helicopters were considered more dangerous than the early airplanes.

　　[D] Some people thought they would become widely used by average individuals.

　　14. How has the use of helicopters developed?

　　[A] They have been widely used for various purposes.

　　[B] They are taking the place of high-flying jets.

　　[C] They are used for rescue work.

　　[D] They are now used exclusively for commercial projects.

　　15. Under what conditions are helicopters found to be absolutely essential?

　　[A] For overseas passenger transportation.

　　[B] For extremely high altitude flights.

　　[C] For high-speed transportation.

　　[D] For urgent mission to places inaccessible to other kinds of craft.

　　Text 2

　　In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associations. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events uncertain, but events included boys gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games.

　　On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

　　After an uninterrupted history of almost 1,200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1,500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896.

　　Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing courtiers pay their own athletes expenses.

　　The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the suns rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

　　16. In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games ________.

　　[A] were merely national athletic festivals

　　[B] were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colour

　　[C] had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position

　　[D] were primarily national events with few foreign participants

　　17. In the early days of ancient Olympic Games ________.

　　[A] only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the games

　　[B] all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part

　　[C] all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in Games

　　[D] all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games

　　18. The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics ________.

　　[A] has not definitely been established

　　[B] varied according to the number of foreign competitors

　　[C] was decided by Zeus, in whose honor the Games were held

　　[D] was considered unimportant

　　19. Modern athletes results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ________.

　　[A] the Greeks had no means of recording the results

　　[B] they are much better

　　[C] details such as the time were not recorded in the past

　　[D] they are much worse

　　20. Nowadays, the athletes expenses are paid for ________.

　　[A] out of the prize money of the winners

　　[B] out of the funds raised by the competing nations

　　[C] by the athletes themselves

　　[D] by contributions

考研英语完型 | 考研英语真题 | 考研英语阅读 | 考研英语翻译 | 考研英语经验交流

考研英语作文 | 考研常见问题 | 专家解读

　　　Text 3

　　In science the meaning of the word explain suffers with civilizations every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amber, a hard yellowish-brown gum. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces really are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, is not a thing, like St. Pauls Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because thats where they belong, and smoke goes up because thats where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.

　　21. The aim of controlled scientific experiments is ________.

　　[A] to explain why things happen

　　[B] to explain how things happen

　　[C] to describe self-evident principles

　　[D] to support Aristotelian science

　　22. What principles most influenced scientific thought for two thousand years?

　　[A] the speculations of Thales

　　[B] the forces of electricity, magnetism, and gravity

　　[C] Aristotles natural science

　　[D] Galileos discoveries

　　23. Bertrand Russells notion about electricity is ________.

　　[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists

　　[B] in agreement with Aristotles theory of self-evident principles

　　[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happen

　　[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen

　　24. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ________.

　　[A] that there are mysterious forces in the universe

　　[B] that man cannot discover what forces really are

　　[C] that there are self-evident principles

　　[D] that we can discover why things behave as they do

　　25. Modern science came into being ________.

　　[A] when the method of controlled experiment was first introduced

　　[B] when Galileo succeeded in explaining how things happen

　　[C] when Aristotelian scientist tried to explain why things happen

　　[D] when scientists were able to acquire an understanding of reality of reasoning

　　[C] grants

　　[D] credits

　　答案解析

　　Section II: Reading Comprehension (15 points)

11.[B]

12.[B]

13.[D]

14.[A]

15.[D]

16.[B]

17.[A]

18.[A]

19.[C]

20.[B]

21.[B]

22.[C]

23.[C]

24.[B]

25.[A]