反陷阱法

　　如何找对应句子

　　现在很多考生都知道做阅读题要到原文中间去找对应的句子。可是究竟该如何找，怎样找?很多朋友还是在凭感觉。我说过看得懂文章做不对题目的最主要原因就在于考生没有形成自己的解题思维，而是在凭感觉，凭读完短文后的印象在解题!为了培养出真正属于自己，能被自己驾御自如的解题思维，我把自己的一些经验在这里提出来，大家共勉：

　　首先是根据出题顺序和行文顺序的一致性原则回到原文的大致位置，一般能定位到具体段落,如第N段。然后再根据题干关键词和(或)选项中的关键词找出在文中的对应句子，比如第N段第N句。这里的关键词定位具体来说有3种情况：

　　1，只要根据题干关键词或信息就可以在原文找到对应句子;

　　2，只要根据每个选项的关键词或信息在原文中找到与之一一对应的句子;

　　3，既要根据题干关键词或者信息定位，又要根据每个选项信息才能找到对应句子。

　　以上三种情况要注意区分对待，详细的在考研狂人的内部资料里的真题详解中有列举。

　　什么是关键词呢?这个概念是为了便于大家找到对应句子而创设的，是前人所创，我对它的理解就是关键词就是题干或者选项中的某个词或词组，它具有和原文中某个词或词组意思一致、相近或相反的特征，是可以帮助你回到原文找到命题人隐藏答案的词或词组。。(起的是一个向导的作用，所以我觉得应该叫向导词更合适些!)这个关键词的寻找非常有价值，是你能否找对答案的关键所在!(这里的关键词包括：大写字母、表数字的词，表示时间、地点、人物的词等，有些题干和选项中的关键词只能在原文中找到该关键词的同义词或者反义词)。

　　下面以2004年TEXT 1 为例具体介绍找对应句子的方法：

　　Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites personal search agent . Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. I struck gold, says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.

　　With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility. says one expert.

　　For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do then broaden it. None of these programs do that, says another expert. Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me, says the author of a job-searching guide.

　　Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them and they do. On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic, says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.

　　Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. You always keep your eyes open, he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.

　　41. How did Redmon find his job?(题干+选项)

　　By searching openings in a job database.

　　By posting a matching position in a database.

　　By using a special service of a database.

　　By E-mailing his resume to a database.

　　42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?(题干)

　　Lack of counseling.

　　Limited number of visits.

　　Lower efficiency.

　　Fewer successful matches.

　　45. Which of the following is true according to the text?(选项)

　　Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.

　　Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.

　　Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.

　　Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.

　　找对应句子方法之一：既要根据题干关键词或者信息定位，又要根据每个选项信息才能找到对应句子。

　　41，Redmon是怎么找到工作的。

　　(1) 行文顺序定位法则

　　本题是文章后的第一题，所以应该在文章靠前的段落寻找对应句子。可以大胆的定位在前一二段。

　　(2) 关键词定位法则

　　此题同时需要题干和选项的关键词定位。

　　题干的关键词是find job，与之对应的可以在第一段句首找到它的同义词Hunting for a job。这样以来我们就知道应该在 Hunting for a job的前后找对应句子了。

　　再看各选项的对应句子，选项A的关键词是job database，根据它可以对应的句子是He searched it(指代job database) with no success由此可知Redmon并没有通过a job database取得成功(找到工作)，所以错在相互矛盾选项B的关键词是posting a matching position，对应的句子是when a matching position is posted in the database，可知matching position是被别人寄到资料库来的，不是Redmon，所以B错在张冠李戴选项D的关键词是E-mailing his resume对应的句子是：who(Redmon) E-mailed his resume to the employer ，可知Redmon把简历寄给了雇主，不是资料库(a database)，所以D也错在张冠李戴那么选项C为什么就是正确的呢?

　　我们先来分析一下第一段句子间的关系：第一段共6句话，其中第三句是解释第二句的 personal search agent 。第二句提到他被这个网址上的个人搜索代理所吸引.第三句是解释说明 personal search agent 的特征的。文章中对应的说明Redmon找到工作的句子是第五句Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening。那他又是怎么找到工作的呢?在这里就是一个很明显的例子。我们把这些插入语句(第三句，也可以把第四句)删掉不看，整个句群就变成了：He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites personal search agent . Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening.这样答案就非常明了了：他是通过 personal search agent 找到工作的，而选项C用a special service of a database替代了原文中的 personal search agent ，所以是正确答案!

　　找对应句子方法之二：只要根据题干关键词或信息就可以在原文找到对应句子;

　　42，search agents的不足之处。

　　(1)行文顺序定位法则

　　这是第二题，第一题对应的句子在第一段了，那么第二题就应该从第二段开始找了。

　　(2) 关键词定位法则

　　此题只需要题干关键词就能找到对应句子了。

　　题干的关键词是disadvantage，原文与之对应的句子是：career experts see drawbacks。题干中的disadvantage替换了原文中的drawbacks。具有同义词特征。既然career experts see drawbacks，问题出现了，答案应该就在附近!文章接着在第二段的末句写了one expert的观点，第三段的首句又补充了one expert的观点，但都没有明确指出不足。接着又写到another expert的观点：Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.这就是在回答前面的题干对应句的问题。同样我们把干扰内容删掉后就变成But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. None of these programs do that, says another expert. Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. 这样的话，答案就一目了然了!同样从后面的转折词引导的句子Instead, the best strategy中的best和前面的转折词Instead可以看出它前面的句子说的应该就是不足之处，从而论证出上述推理的正确。)

　　{当然你也可以问其他选项为什么错了。问题对应的内容是从第二段开始的，首先说了career-related sites的不足之处time-consuming and inefficient，所以选项 Lower efficiency就不是search agents的不足之处了，张冠李戴，其中BD选项在文章里没有谈及，属于无中生有!

　　最通俗的解答方法是：第二段中间提到了career experts see drawbacks，就是说搜索代理并不如人意，但后面并没有具体说什么不足，直到第三段的开始才说，但是第三段第一句和第二段最后一句的意思差不多，阅读时可以略看，第三段的第二句才谈到了要点：Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.所以选项 Lack of counseling是正确答案。}

　　找对应句子方法之三：只要根据每个选项的关键词或信息在原文中找到与之一一对应的句子;

　　45，根据原文哪个选项是正确的?

　　(1)行文顺序定位法则

　　最后一题一般都对应文章最后的一两段文字。(实际解答过程中可以得知44题已经对应到了第四段，那么这一题应该就是在第五段找答案了。要注意的是文章最后这种事实细节题，有时需要从全文的角度找对应句子。如果真的需要从全文范围来找句子的话，用主旨题的解答方法还有效些!)

　　(2)关键词定位法则

　　此题只需要选项关键词就能找到对应句子了。

　　通过对原文的理解，选项A、B是明显的无中生有。选项C关键词是those already employed，与第五段的首句中的who arent hunting for jobs是同义词组，所以选项C对应的句子就是这一句：Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile.其中发生了字词替换， helpful= worthwhile。所以是正确的。选项D的关键词是information，由此可知对应句子是Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.，原文第二句说有些人利用搜索代理密切观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹，可见搜索代理还是和在职的人员有联系的，而选项D的意思与之相矛盾了;所以错。从严格的角度说，到底搜索代理有没有发信息给在职的原文并没有明确指出，所以也可以说D错在了无中生有。

　　需要补充一句的就是：题干和选项中的关键词并不是唯一的，只要你能根据某个词或者词组从原文中找到对应句子，找对对应句子，那么该词或词组就是关键词!千万不要被关键词的关键二字所困惑，其实叫向导词更合理些!