考研英语真题——96年阅读题再思考

　　下面这段词句比较复杂，同学们要确保自己真正看懂看透，要理解长句的结构，要认识每一个词和词语(我配上译文，以便大家自我检测理解是对还是不对，尤其带色部分和划线部分)。

　　其实，后面命题者所设计的阅读题就是考查考生们是否能看懂这一部分。

　　The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large，impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class，an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century，America，Africa，India，Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital，and British shareholders were thus enriched by the worlds movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large comfortable classes who had retired on their incomes，and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand shareholding meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.

　　60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in .

　　A. the separation of capital from management

　　B. the ownership of capital by managers

　　C. the emergence of capital and labor as two classes

　　D. the participation of shareholders in municipal business

　　有限责任公司和市政企业的增长具有重大的意义。这种对资本和企业的大规模的、不带个人色彩的操作极大地增加了持股阶层的数量和重要性，这个阶层是国家生活的重要元素，它代表了无需承担责任的财富与土地和土地拥有者的职责分开(持股者光拿钱，不承担管理经营责任，不像以前的地主，有土地财富，但要自己经营);也与企业的责任管理脱钩。十九世纪中，美洲、非洲、印度、澳洲以及欧洲都被英国的资本开发着，英国的持股者就因为世界的工业化而大发其财。Bournemouth和Eastbourne这样的城镇纷纷涌现，从而为那些凭自己的收入而退休的、大量的舒适阶层提供住处，这些人除了在领取红利或者参加股东会议对管理层发号施令的时候之外，与社区其他人没有交往。从另一方面说，持股意味着休闲和自由，这正好被后维多利亚时代的人们用来建设一个崇高而伟大文明(意思是：有一部分人休闲和自由，才能去进行文明的更多伟大的创建，英国也才更发达)。

　　Q60，答案为A，选项中的separationfrom替换了原文的detached from而已。