考研英语新题型破解秘籍(三)

　　6选5论点找论据

　　6选5论点找论据，主要考查的是考生对文章段落内部分论点与支持该分论点的论据的匹配。在很大程度上反映出考生写议论文的水平。

　　一、怎么考

　　大纲规定

　　在一篇长度约500词的文章后有6段文字。这些文字分别是对文章中某一部分的阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章的内容，从这6个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字填入文章的空白处。

　　命题形式

　　这个题型主要的形式就是文章中给出五个论点，文章末尾有六个选项，其中五个是用来分别阐述这五个论点的，要求将选项与原文论点一一对应。需要说明的是，选项并不一定都是具体的事例，也可能是进一步的阐释和说明。样题中只是给出其中一种可能性，本书的练习题将列出各种可能出现的形式供考生参考。

　　二、怎么学

　　参透用意，依题施法：认真阅读2013年考试大纲和考试分析里有关本题型的相关规定，仔细分析、反复研究考试分析里的样题，从样题的分析中去寻找和探究命题者的心态，从而发现解答此类题型的方法。

　　考试分析指出，这一题型主要是考查考生把握论点论据一致性的能力。如样题所示，该题型要求考生根据文章内容，从多个选项中找到能支持相应论点的论据。这就要求考生理解各个论点的重点和含义，并能找出与论点一致的依据。

　　从分析中可以看出，命题组出这样的题，目的在于考察考生的演绎能力，就是给出论点，要求考生根据论点拓展开来，或是找出可以说明该论点的例子，或是找出进一步的阐释和论证。重要的一点就是要明确这些论据是从原文中抽出来的，论点和论据是一体的，要始终保持语段的一致性。论据是为论点服务的，论据不仅要和论点相关，而且还要可以证明论点。命题组会给出六个备选答案，其中多余的那个也肯定与本文中的小论点有关。一定要提高警惕，这些和论点有点关系但并不能说明论点的，只是一些假朋友，注意要抵制他们的诱惑。而除去这个假朋友以外的五个选项，也会因其叙述的内容相关联而容易被混淆，要始终清醒地明确只相关不行，必须要能说明这个论点。

　　从考试分析中样题的具体分析可以看出，命题者十分注意考查考生对文章的整体把握能力，提醒考生注意不能直接根据小标题来找论据，而是要结合正文理解来进行选择。因此，考生不能过于投机取巧，起码要做到通读全文，然后再回到论点来进行选择。要记住，不能过于贸然。

　　依法练习，寻求突破：论据题，实际上就是根据文章中已经明示的论点从选项中寻找支持该论点的论据。在做练习时，一定要明确本题的主旨是考查考生对语段一致性的把握，要始终在一致这个大原则下做题，逐渐熟悉这种题型的解题思路和方法。只有通过大量的做题，才能发现其中的思路，才能找到感觉。

　　三、怎么解

　　这类题目主要是考查考生区分论点、论据，把握论点论据一致性的能力。

　　解题步骤

　　A.第一步,阅读六个选项，在每个选项下方标注该选项的中文意思的几个关键词,做到解题前就已经心中有数,对备选的几个论据有个大概把握。对于谈论相似主体的选项，需区别内容的相同处和不同处，并牢记体现不同处的关键词语。

　　B.第二步，通读全文，精读标题以及解释标题的文字，在阅读标题及其解释性文字的同时应该将后面的论据逐一与选项相对照。

　　C.第三步，再次将选项与文中已选择的标题进行比较，检查它们是否是一致的。

　　解题技巧

　　A.排除原则：解题时要使用排除法逐一缩小可供选择的范围。

　　B.黑体原则：始终要抓住黑体字以及其解释，根据黑体字以及其解释一定可以选出答案。

　　四、大纲样题

　　Directions:

　　You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading .There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiartombstonethat lists where you went to school and where youve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the functionalresumedescriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.

　　Its handy to have a tombstonefor certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequestedtombstonelists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

　　What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get reada resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.

　　41. Put yourself first:

　　In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.

　　42. Sell what you can do, not who you are:

　　Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.

　　Toot your own horn!

　　Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.

　　43.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!

　　Remember that brevity is the best policy.

　　44.Turn bad news into good:

　　Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.

　　45.Never apologize:

　　If youve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraphin place of a chronology of experience. Dont apologize for working as being a mother; its the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just dont mention education.

　　The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Dont worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before youve ready to show it to a strangerfor a reaction. When youve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.

　　Isnt that the kind of person youd want working for your?

　　[A]A woman who lost her job as a teachers aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote:Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teachers aide she would rehire if government funds became available.

　　[B]One resume I received included the following:invited by my superior to straighten out our organizations accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her rewardall in 34 words.

　　[C]For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills.

　　[D]An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statementReady to learn though not so well educated.

　　[E]One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.

　　[F]A woman once told me about a cash?flow crisis her employer had faced. Shed agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasnt in her resume. She answered,It wasnt important.What she was really saying of course wasIm not important.

　　[试题分析]

　　这是一篇如何写好个人简历的文章。

　　首先，我们要通读全文，了解大意。作者在文中强调了这么一点：简历应该要引起招聘者的兴趣，应该是有趣的，具有个性的，同时又能与招聘要求吻合的。在文章中，作者给出了写简历时的一些诀窍，每个诀窍都提炼出一个小标题，给出解释和举例。考生应该明确一点，这些小标题不一定等同于论点或段落总结句。小标题一般都较短，只看小标题不参考其解释，就会出现只见树木，不见森林的现象，很容易出现偏颇。因此，考生碰到这种情况时，一定要保持冷静，不要急于求成，而是应该结合正文理解观点的含义，然后再结合小标题提炼出论点，最后再去和选项结合。

　　第一点，Put yourself first。字面意思是把自己置于第一位。什么意思呢?下面的句子进行了解释，要想让自己的简历使人读起来富有激情，那么你首先要对自己有自信。再看选项中哪个例子能进一步说明这一点呢?从选项中可以发现，有些例子是成功的例子，有些是不成功的例子。那么就有可能从正反两方面举例了，[F]就是一个反例，证明了第一个观点。作者通过例子说明，不要认为自己做过的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人别人又怎么会重视呢?

　　第二点，Sell what you can do,not who you are 。字面意思是给别人展示你能干什么，而不是你是什么样的人。要强调能力而不是性格。下面的解释是这样的：要学会把自己的个性和成就转变限制到某个具体技能领域中，世界上有至少5000种技能领域。再带着这个观点来看后面的选项，文后的例子中[C]项是这么说的：例如，如果你有节约、投资、管理钱财的天分，那么你拥有理财的能力。这就是把一般的个性特征和相关的技能领域结合起来的例子。

　　第三点，Be specific,be concrete,and be brief!意思就是说要简洁、具体。可以推断，相关的例子应该是表现出简历具体、简洁的一面。哪个选项说明了这一点呢?[B]项描写一位女士仅用了34个词就把重点说明白了，这反映的是简洁这一特色。

　　第四点，Turn bad news into good字面意思是将坏消息变成好消息。下面解释道：每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意的地方。如果要提到这些事，那么从积极、正面的角度去看。可以看出，这点就是要让应聘者把自己不利的方面换一种表达方式，变不利为有利。[A]选项描述了一个女助教因为政府缩减资金而被解雇，这本来是工作经历中不太好的一面，但是这位女士谈起此事时提到这么一句，校长说了，如果政府的资金够的话，她第一个重聘的就是我，从而变不利为有利，使人看到她的优势。

　　第五点，Never apologize字面意思是不要道歉。下面的文字举例说明了，不要为自己的弱势感到自卑，要看到弱势中的发光点;也不要提及严重影响求职的方面，可以适当避讳。个人简历不是进行道歉的地方。[D]项以一个失败的例子说明了这一点：作者的一位朋友在简历中写了好学，但教育程度不高，这点正好和解释中的一点吻合：如果你没有接受过专业训练或高等教育，就不要提及教育这个方面。

　　[答案]41.F 42.C 43.B 44.A 45.D