领航考研名师肖克：阅读A段答题技巧

　　第一节 语篇中心词和段落话题是文章的精髓

　　1.考研英语和四级有很大的区别：四级是扫描性阅读，强调对细节化信息的准确定位和事实理解。而考研英语强调对文章的宏观性的语篇层次的理解，讲究考生不仅要定位文章的总要信息，而且不局限于单词和句子的字面性意思的理解，考察考生对上下文的中心词以及段落话题理解。只有理解这些宏观信息，才对文章的理解高屋建瓴，才能理解文章的整体

　　行文思路，多义词意思的判定以及提高效率，忽略无效信息。

　　2.考点设置：考研英语大纲中反复强调上下文的一致性和连贯性的理解，而且从测试角度来说，考研英语的宏观题居多，比如推理题，例证题，作者观点题。这些题的正确的答案都是跟文章的中心和段落的话题有直接或间接的关系。

　　3.中心词的查找方法：中心词的建立是靠细节和事例来支持的，读者理解中心是个自上而下的过程，而且读者有了最基本的词汇和语法知识，需要通过在文章的特殊语境下解读这些信息，通过在语篇层次上把握这些信息的内在联系，分析文章的中心。由于考研阅读的试题具有宏观性，所以通过查找题干和选项的反复重复的词可以看出，当然最重要的手段还是精读文章的首段和每段的首句。

　　一.把握段落话题提高语篇分析能力和正确答案的识别

　　自然段的话题是为文章服务的，一篇文章通常是围绕一个大的中心展开，同样段落也是围绕一个话题展开。段落内部的词汇，短语，小句，复杂句是为了支持首句的段落话题服务。同样，段落的话题相对于宏观的中心是微观的，也被中心所制约，控制和支配。只有把握好段落的话题，才能对段子的句子和句子的之间的关系有所把握，对段落的行文方式有更好的理解，对预测下文的信息也有帮助。更重要的是，由于正确答案在经常在考察段落的话题，所以可以通过重复来查找话题的行文轨迹，从而把握正确答案的范围，帮助读者在理解文章的情况下快速阅读段子中间的细节，锁定段落的核心价值。

　　Exercise ：

　　Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears. By the late 1970s， neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noisethe random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. By the late 1970s researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is off-line. And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, Its you r dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos? Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.?

　　本段话题: 梦是否被控制 关键词: unconscious和conscious control,讲对梦的认识是从无意识到一种有意识的行为。

　　Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM sleepwhen most vivid dreams occuras it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all part s of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex is relatively quiet. We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day says Stanford sleep researcher Dr William Dement.?

　　本段话题：大脑中的情感中枢。关键词：emotional

　　The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing g toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.