水木艾迪：阅读理解冲刺之新题型二

　　新题型二：段落排序题

　　段落排序题的测试要点是：理解文章结构，主要考查考生把握篇章结构的能力，要求考生在阅读各个段落时要把握它们的中心大意，并且将各段的段落大意整合，理清它们之间的逻辑顺序，然后按照文章的内容和结构进行排序。

　　解题步骤：

　　1.首先读文章中指定的首尾段，了解文章的主要内容,并以此为基础判断文章基本的逻辑关系。注意首段的最后几句可能给出的线索。

　　2.通读其余五段，留意各段中富有暗示性的词语或句子 不要忽视在各段中出现频率比较高的词汇，它们经常是解题的关键所在。

　　3.将每一段的大意做中文标注。

　　4.初步排列五个段落 结合各段所给的暗示以及上下文的逻辑关系进一步调整各段顺序。给在各段的关键词或重复出现的词标注下来，尤其注意可能出现相同词语或有明显逻辑词语相连接的上下两段话。

　　5.最后的确认 把排列好顺序的文章通读一遍，从整体上对段落的顺序进行最后的确认。注意检查段与段之间的内容与结构是否符合逻辑的发展。

　　例：

　　Directions:

　　The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.

　　[A]I just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job. Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, well probably have to lay some people off in the near future. Its hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnt -its boring, routine paperwork, and there isnt much you can do about it.

　　[B]Finally, I cant say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know its not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.

　　[C]Ive got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.

　　[D]Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know thats not fair-too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesnt necessarily mean youll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.

　　[E]The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.

　　[F]So I just dont know What to do. Ive been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.

　　[G]A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

　　Order：

　　G

　　41.

　　42.

　　43.

　　44.

　　45.

　　F

　　[题解]

　　这篇样题在7个段落中已给出篇首和篇尾段落在文章的位置。通过对文章首末段的阅读，我们明显可以看出本文的结构属于现象问题解决型。

　　首段说的是：一个大都市的市政府召开各部门管理人员研讨会。有一个研讨会讨论的话题是如何激励公务员做好工作。在讨论中，一位警察局警长遇到的难题成了谈论的焦点。除了这段话，其他段的话都有引号，表明是某人说的话。尾段说到：所以我不知道如何是好。多年来我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望这次研讨会能给我的难题带来启示，能帮我应对未来的工作。很明显，这是发言的总结句。结合第一段的内容，我们可以知道，引号里的话是警察局警长的话，而整篇文章主要讲的是他面临的难题。

　　接着，我们看A到E段，哪一段像发言的起始段呢?这就要看是哪一段把讨论的话题引入。我们可以主要看每段的第一句话。我们会发现[C]段第一句话直截了当地点出话题：Ive got a real problem with my officers，而且与首段的最后一句连接自然，所以我们可以判定41题空中应该填 [C]。[C]段的第一句话后，警长开始评价他的队员。 这一段的内容较为正面。因为警长说有一个难题，按逻辑顺序，下一段落应该出现转折，提出职员中存在的问题。

　　依照这样的思路，我们在剩下 的段落中寻找，可以发现下一段选[E]连接最自然。[C]段先表扬职员对公众的事积极、热心，但是The problem occurs when they get back to the station。什么问题呢?They hate to do the paperwork警长说出了问题的关键他们不喜欢写公文。警长还进一步说明了问题带来的麻烦。说明了问题，警长又是怎么去解决的呢?他的解决方式是否奏效?

　　再顺着这个思路，我们可以找出下两段的顺序是[A]项和[B]项。警长是毫无办法。难道就一点办法都没有吗?其他人是怎么看的?在[D]段中，警长提到有人建议通过胜诉记录来评价， 他们也进行过小组之间的比赛，但是没有什么效果。所以，警长殷切地希望能在研讨会上得到启发和帮助。按照这样的思路，这些段落就组成了一篇通顺、完整的文章。

　　考生在做这样的题型时，如果没有把握，可以多列出几种可能的顺序，然后根据这些顺序重读文章，看是否思路顺畅。完成此类题目关键是把握文章的主要话题和基本的逻辑顺序。

　　[答案]

　　41.C 42.E 43.A 44.B 45.D