二、听力素质培养
听力的最终目的在于理解,而达到理解境界离不开良好的听力素质。所谓听力素质是指对英语语音基本知识的掌握,如音素识别、连读等。
⑴识别音素很重要。语言信息的表达是通过元音和辅音字母有规律的组合来实现的。如元音字母a在不同的组合中有多种发音:bake/ei/,bad/ /,bald/ :/,radar/a:/,data//.而一个辅音音素可以有多种辅音字母的组合,如/f/:leaf,laugh,philosophy等。如果说阅读是凭借字母的组合形式去判断词义的话,那么听力则主要依*声音去确定词的意思。因此,元音的长、短,辅音的清浊,都对判断有直接影响。
听力测试第一部分除了检测考生对各类英语句子结构的理解能力之外,还检测考生的音素识别能力。在每道单句听力试题的四个选项中都设置一种与原文某些关键词在发音上相同或相近的混淆音。
例:Our club meets every other Wednesday.
A.We meet once every two weeks.
B.We met for an hour.
C.They asked me and several others.
D.They love to fly on windy days.
A是答案;B中的hour与our发音相同;C中的several others与everyother发音相近;D中的windy days是为了混淆Wednesday的。
培养学生较强的音素识别能力有助于在听力测试中迅速捕捉关键词的发音,从而在选择时排除同、近音词的干扰,选出正确答案。
⑵连读与辨音。
了解连读的一些基本规律,有利于听力测试中抓准词句,准确理解。
助动词缩略式连读在听力中最普遍,熟悉这种连读对于正确判断试题的语气和时态十分有用。
例:If it hadnt rained, we wouldve played tennis.
A.We played only half a game.
B.We took the train to Tunis.
C.We didnt play tennis because it rained.
D.Ten of us walked in the rain.
相邻音连续,即当前面一个单词的结尾为辅音字母,而紧跟其后的单词又是以元音字母开头时,这两个音连读。
例The program will be on at ten.
并列连词or与其前后的单词连读时,听起来好似/r/.
例OK, but hurry or well miss the bus.
音的合成连读,即当两个相邻的字母发音相同时,两个音素合并成一个音素。有时,当一个句子中有多处合成连读时,乍一听,似乎有些音素被吃掉了。
例He used to like skating but now he prefers sking.
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