英语六级听力破题指导之短文听力与听写

　　例题分析：第一篇短文听力

　　26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.

　　B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.

　　C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.

　　D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.

　　27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.

　　B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.

　　C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.

　　D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.

　　28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.

　　B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.

　　C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.

　　D)Traveling by train may be as quick as，or even quicker than by air.

　　29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.

　　B)In 1989. D)In 2000.

　　In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, theyll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They wont go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first. Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.

　　26.What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?

　　27.What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?

　　28.Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?

　　29.When did France introduce the first high speed train service?

　　Keys：DCDA

　　分析：

　　这是一篇标准的六级短文听力，词汇、主题、深度都要比四级高，但是破题方法却如出一辙。

　　第26题：

　　本题是首题，所以当然对应原文的首句。除了视听一致的使用外，原文中的high speed pan-European train network被选项替换成了express train network throughout Europe。这是同义替换原则的使用。Express在其他听力题目中还有快递的含义，请注意。

　　第28题：

　　本题目考察的是考生真正的听力理解能力。原文：If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.这个长难句的意思就是说明：短途来讲，火车更有优势，更快。而选项考的就是这个分析能力。

　　第29题：

　　首先，请注意序数词系列，诸如first、last、finally等，向来都是听力考试中的关键词汇。它们体现的是事实的顺序，属于一种强调的用法。全文的年代词汇只有：1989、2020和1981，又由于这已经是最后一道题目了，所以综合使用顺序出题原则，当然对应最后出现的1981年。

　　六级听写能力概述：

　　听写，顾名思义，既听又写，它渗透在各种形式的语言活动中，是最常用到的基本功之一。听写测试要求考生把听到的内容准确无误地以笔头的形式表达出来，虽无需考生自己遣词造句，但由于牵涉到语言与非语言能力提高听写能力，关键就是加强各种相关知识和技能的训练。

　　1. 语言知识方面：

　　首先，必须提高听力水平，熟悉英、美国家人士的说话发音的不同方式，语音语调;其次对于大纲中所列单词和短语，不仅要认知，而且会熟练拼写;这一点相当重要，很多同学在正式考试当中听出来了单词并准确定位出来意思，但是由于拼写不过关导致遗憾丢分。另外，即便拼写正确，又因为单复数、时态和大小写而丢分也很多见。

　　2. 非语言能力方面：

　　在做听写填空的时候，我们应当有意识的加强我们的记忆和速记能力。有时候，同学们会发现：听的内容都懂了，但由于记忆的问题或时间的问题没写下来，这是因为短时记忆力不够。因此在平时的训练中，应当有意识地不是以单个的词而是以意群为单位进行理解和记忆。第一遍先试图听明白注意意思，第二遍写出重点单词或者句子，第三遍完成整个练习。在短暂的停顿空间，如果时间来不及，可以选用自己熟悉的缩写形式或符号记录，等以后有时间时再复原。这种速记能力也要靠平时的多练，才能获得。

　　六级听写的步骤：

　　1.通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索、了解大意

　　复合式听写材料多为说明文，这一体裁的文章主题突出，条理分明，层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句，之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。仔细看题之后，经常能够发现空缺处的词汇能够通过逻辑能力被猜出具体内容，至少也可以知道词性。

　　2，听写结合，双管齐下

　　根据复合式听写新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已测览了卷面文字，对听力材料有了大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记，听为主，记为辅。第二遍时使出全力。最后一遍自习弥补。在写句子时，不要慌张，可以在每一遍时把句子的不同部分写出，采取各个击破的策略。

　　3.提高记录的效率

　　首先，可使用缩略语。例如usually在记录时只写usu。Country 记录为ctr等。其次，重点把握名词和动词，修饰成分没有写出，一般扣分不多。

　　4.书面表达内容要点

　　要点尽可能用完整的简单句表达，不宜用短语，句式也不宜过于复杂。尽量省去语句中可有可无的修饰成份。总而言之，考生应用有限的词语简洁明了地概括出所听内容的全部要点，使内容要点和语言表达达到有机的完美统一。

　　5.检查、核对内容要点

　　完成后，一定勿忘检查：单复数、时态、大小写以及标点符号。