六级听力破题指导短文听力与听写

　　听力概况

　　在四六级考试中，听力部分从2006年6月起由过去20%的比例上升为35%，有消息称，国家四六级出题委员会即将在2012年左右全面推行计算机四六级考试。其中，听力部分将到70%的内容。

　　六级听力题目构成与比例

　　小对话： 8% 选择题 共8道对话，每题长约1分钟

　　长对话： 7% 选择题 共2段对话，每段长约3分钟

　　听力短文： 10%选择题 共3篇文章，每篇长约3分钟

　　复合式听写：10% 听写填空 填8个单词和三句话，放音三遍，共计8分钟

　　听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。07年六级考试改革后，听力考试的对话部分在以往单一短对话的基础上增加了长对话的内容。其中短对话部分由原来的10题减至8题;长对话有两篇，每篇题量在3至4题一共7题;不过对话部分题目总数保持不变，还是15个。新增的长对话持续时间约6分钟，说话者的语速约为150-170词/分钟。该部分共15题，每题计1分，共15分。总的来说，题目的总量增加了，做题时间增加了，本身对学生是否能够长时间的集中听力注意力就增加了考验。

　　关于六级短文听力

　　1、结构：三篇文章，要求考生在四个选项中选出最符合原文的答案。每题1分，共10分。

　　2、难度：难度年年上升，考生失分的重灾区。短文部分由三篇文章构成，内容题材极为广泛，不仅考察学生的理解能力，而且还有对信息的短期记忆能力和思维能力。

　　3、基本规则：视听基本一致原则;

　　顺序出题原则;

　　首尾句原则;

　　同义替换原则

　　重点词汇考点原则

　　例题分析：2007年12月第一篇短文听力

　　26. A)To win over the majority of passengers from airlines in twenty years.

　　B)To reform railroad management in western European countries.

　　C)To electrify the railway lines between major European cities.

　　D)To set up an express train network throughout Europe.

　　27. A)Major European airlines will go bankrupt.

　　B)Europeans will pay much less for traveling.

　　C)Traveling time by train between major European cities will be cut by half.

　　D)Trains will become the safest and most efficient means of travel in Europe.

　　28. A)Train travel will prove much more comfortable than air travel.

　　B)Passengers will feel much safer on board a train than on a plane.

　　C)Rail transport will be environmentally friendlier than air transport.

　　D)Traveling by train may be as quick as，or even quicker than by air.

　　29. A)In 1981. C)In 1990.

　　B)In 1989. D)In 2000.

　　In January 1989, the Community of European Railways presented their proposal for a high speed pan-European train network extending from Sweden to Sicily, and from Portugal to Poland by the year 2020. If their proposal becomes a reality, it will revolutionize train travel in Europe. Journeys between major cities will take half the time they take today.Brussels will be only one and a half hours from Paris. The quickest way to get from Paris to Frankfurt, from Barcelona to Madrid will be by train, not plane. When the network is complete, it will integrate three types of railway line: totally new high speed lines with trains operating at speeds of 300 kilometers per hour, upgraded lines which allow for speeds up to 200 to 225 kilometers per hour, and existing lines for local connections and distribution of freight. If businesspeople can choose between a three-hour train journey from city-center to city-center and a one-hour flight, theyll choose the train, says an executive travel consultant. They wont go by plane any more. If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first. Since France introduced the first 260-kilometer-per-hour high speed train service between Paris and Lyons in 1981, the trains have achieved higher and higher speeds. On many routes, airlines have lost up to 90% of their passengers to high speed trains. If people accept the Community of European Railways plan, the 21 century will be the new age of the train.

　　26.What is the proposal presented by the Community of European Railways?

　　27.What will happen when the proposal becomes a reality?

　　28.Why will business people prefer a three-hour train journey to a one-hour flight?

　　29.When did France introduce the first high speed train service?

　　Keys：DCDA

　　分析：

　　这是一篇标准的六级短文听力，词汇、主题、深度都要比四级高，但是破题方法却如出一辙。

　　第26题：

　　本题是首题，所以当然对应原文的首句。除了视听一致的使用外，原文中的high speed pan-European train network被选项替换成了express train network throughout Europe。这是同义替换原则的使用。Express在其他听力题目中还有快递的含义，请注意。

　　第28题：

　　本题目考察的是考生真正的听力理解能力。原文：If you calculate flight time, check-in and travel to-and-from the airport, youll find almost no difference. And if your plane arrives late due to bad weather or air traffic jams or strikes, then the train passengers will arrive at their destination first.这个长难句的意思就是说明：短途来讲，火车更有优势，更快。而选项考的就是这个分析能力。

　　六级听写的步骤：

　　1.通过卷面文字捕捉信息，找出线索、了解大意

　　复合式听写材料多为说明文，这一体裁的文章主题突出，条理分明，层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句，之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。仔细看题之后，经常能够发现空缺处的词汇能够通过逻辑能力被猜出具体内容，至少也可以知道词性。

　　2，听写结合，双管齐下

　　根据复合式听写新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已测览了卷面文字，对听力材料有了大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记，听为主，记为辅。第二遍时使出全力。最后一遍自习弥补。在写句子时，不要慌张，可以在每一遍时把句子的不同部分写出，采取各个击破的策略。

　　3.提高记录的效率

　　首先，可使用缩略语。例如usually在记录时只写usu。Country 记录为ctr等。其次，重点把握名词和动词，修饰成分没有写出，一般扣分不多。

　　4.书面表达内容要点

　　要点尽可能用完整的简单句表达，不宜用短语，句式也不宜过于复杂。尽量省去语句中可有可无的修饰成份。总而言之，考生应用有限的词语简洁明了地概括出所听内容的全部要点，使内容要点和语言表达达到有机的完美统一。

　　5.检查、核对内容要点

　　完成后，一定勿忘检查：单复数、时态、大小写以及标点符号。

　　例题分析：

　　President Clinton later today joins presidents Ford, Garter and Bush atthe presidents summit for Americas future at recruiting one million volunteer tutors to provide after-school, weekend and summer reading help for up to three million children. Mr. Clinton will ask Congress this coming week for nearly three dollars to fund a five-year program called America Reads.The program would fund the efforts of 20 thousand reading and it would also give to help parents help children read by the third grade, or about age eight. Duringhis Saturday radio , the president explained why the program is important:We need America Reads and we need it now. Studies show that if the fourth-graders fail to read well.

　　But 40 percent of them still cant read at a basic level.

　　Volunteer tutors, who provide community service in exchange for college funding, are being used in literacy and tutoring programs.

　　The president says many of the Philadelphia summits corporate sponsors will recruit tutors.

　　解析：

　　第一个空格里面，通过快速扫描第一句话，发现有美国总统克林顿Clinton，又有美国总统福特，卡特，布什，那么后者跟前者相比较，同学们一定可以感觉到后者为前总统，因此第一个空格应填入former或类似含义的单词。第二个空格我们看到后面有一个介词，于是能发现应当在里面填一个动词，此时就需要注意时态，单复数的问题。空格三明显是一个量词，第四个空格不好预测，第五个可以估计出来应填名词，此时应注意名词单复数的问题，第六同上，第七个空格技巧性较强，需要背景知识，同学们可以想想，美国总统一般去电台干什么?此时蹦入脑海的一定是电台演讲，演说，于是应当是lecture, presentation, address等词汇。后面的长难句由于过长，很难提前预测判断，但是在短短的几十秒钟的时间里面, 能预测出来这么多的信息,对得分会有很大帮助。

　　参考答案：

　　S1 former

　　S2 aimed

　　S3 billion

　　S4 coordination

　　S5 specialists

　　S6 grants

　　S7 address

　　S8. Theyre likely to drop out of school and less likely to succeed in life.

　　S9. The program, initiated by President Clinton, has come under criticism by Congress.

　　S10. Dozens of colleges and universities are prepared to send thousands of their students in support of the program