四级听力短文理解模拟训练第21套

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. A t the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked , , and . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center

　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　Passage One

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26.

　　To include mass production and the assembly line among Henry Fords accomplishments.

　　To report the origin of the minimum wage.

　　To credit Henry Ford with industrial reforms.

　　To defend Henry Fords practices.

　　27.

　　Three.

　　Eight

　　Ten.

　　Twelve.

　　28.

　　The five-dollar-a-day minimum wage.

　　Education and training programs.

　　Labor unions.

　　Sick leaves

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29.

　　Much competition has to be faced.

　　Many employees have no work experience.

　　The young people only care about how much they can earn.

　　Schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance.

　　30.

　　Because they have ruined their talents.

　　Because they have taken on an unsuitable job.

　　Because they think of nothing but their salary.

　　Because they are not aware of their own potential.

　　31.

　　Your job must suit your interest.

　　Your job must set a pattern of life.

　　Your job must offer you a high salary.

　　Your job must not ruin your talents.

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32.

　　It centers on convincing the reader that cheating is immoral.

　　It centers on discussing the reasons the cheating.

　　It centers on describing how students cheat on exam.

　　It centers on discussing how to control cheating.

　　33.

　　It is forgivable to cheat unless money is involved.

　　There has been a quick increase in cheating.

　　Most cheaters are college students.

　　Cheaters is regardless of guilt and regret.

　　34.

　　Cheating is widespread because the society is too tolerant.

　　Cheatirig is the result of intense pressure.

　　Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on any other occasions.

　　Cheating comes together with civilization.

　　35.

　　One wants something badly.

　　One cant get something in a right way.

　　It is not very likely to be revealed.

　　A series of things has to be dealt with.

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　文章精要

　　文章指出，亨利.福特不仅作为规模化生产的先驱为大家所熟知，他对工人生产条件的改进也同样应该受到人们的尊敬。他的改革包括：改善安全措施、日工作时间由10或l2小时变成8小时、病假制度及医疗条件的改善、对工人的培训和受到普遍好评的最低日薪5美元政策等。

　　26.C主旨题。文章第一段就指出，福特先生对工人生产条件的改革也应该受到尊敬，然后在第二、三段中提到福特先生采用的病假制度、员工培训制度和最低日薪5美元政策等。可见，全文都是关于福特先生对工业制度改革的介绍，所以C正确。

　　27.B信息明示题。文章第一段指出，每天的工作时间由原来的10或l2个小时减少到8小时，所以B正确。

　　28.C信息明示题。文章第二段提到，福特先生实施了病假制度，并开办了员工培训学校，所以排除B和D;文章第三段提到最低日薪5美元的政策受到了普遍称赞，这阻止了工会的发展，由此可见，工会不包括在福特先生实施的改革措施中，故选C。

　　Passage Two

　　文章精要

　　文章指出，现在很多年轻人找工作都很随意，不知道升职机会、幸福感和安全感为何物，所以工作很少或几乎不能带给他们满足感。现在毕业生之间的竞争太激烈，以至于他们很少关心做什么，只要有钱赚就可以了。

　　有些人一个工作能做很长时间，并尽力去喜欢上这份工作，其他人则不停地换工作，来寻找适合自己的职业。

　　很少有人能在开始找工作的时候就很清楚地意识到自己的能力和自己想要什么。造成这种现象的原因是他们没能在学校获得适当的就业指导。

　　29.D综合推断题。文章第二段指出，这些困惑背后的原因是，教育机构从来没有为他们提供正确的就业指导，由此可知，选择适合自己的工作的困难主要在于，学校没有为学生提供适当的就业指导，所以D正确。

　　30.B综合推断题。文章最后一段提到，如果选择了一个你不感兴趣的工作，将会挫伤你对成功的渴望，由此可知，一些人不太可能成功是因为选择了自己不感兴趣的工作，所以B正确。A是选择了自己不感兴趣的工作所造成的后果，C和D是选择了自己不感兴趣的工作的原因，故排除。

　　31.A信息明示题。 文章最后一段指出，在选择职业时，首先应该考虑的是其是否符合自己的兴趣，首先要考虑的也就是最重要的，所以A正确。

　　Passage Three

　　文章精要

　　文章指出，如果你特别想得到某事物，但是遵守规定又无法得到，那么你就会甘愿冒着被抓到的风险，不顾内心的负罪感和悔恨去作弊。许多专家都认为作弊现象在呈上升趋势，但是年幼学生作弊的情况最少。有学者指出，是社会的态度导致作弊行为越来越多。

　　32.B 主旨题。文章先指出为什么会作弊，然后指出现在作弊现象增多，并以心理学教授的分析为根据，列举了导致作弊行为的心理原因，指出近年来作弊现象增多的原因在于惩罚力度较轻，可见文章通篇是在分析作弊的原因，所以B正确。

　　33.D信息明示题。文章第二段第一句指出，如果你非常想得到某事物，以至于可以不顾自己的负罪感和悔恨，那么你就会甘愿冒着被抓到的风险而作弊，所以D作弊者不顾负罪感和悔恨是正确的。

　　34.A综合推断题。文章第四段提到，理查德迪恩斯比尔教授认为社会对作弊现象的态度是作弊现象增加的主要原因，第五段又说惩罚太轻微也导致了作弊现象的增加，所以A正确。

　　35.C信息明示题。文章最后一段指出，作弊在利害关系很大而被抓到的可能性又小的情况下最有可能发生，所以C正确。这里的interests指利益。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　Although Henry Fords name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by todays standards.

　　Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten- or twelve-hour day common at that time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.

　　In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language, school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.

　　The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced--in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage,an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness,

　　industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. What is the authors main purpose in the passage?

　　27. How many hours did Fords employees work per shift in his factory?

　　28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as labor practices instituted by Ford?

　　Passage Two

　　Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing what lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. As a result, they are employed doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. Our school leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living. Some stay long at a job and learn to like it; others quit from one to another looking for something to suit them. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a salary up to their expectation.

　　Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason behind all this confusion is that there never has been a proper vocational guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all grope in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask what the salary is like. They never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and, in many ways, determines social status in life, selection of friends, leisure and interest.

　　In choosing a career you should first consider the type, of work which will suit your interest. Nothing is more pathetic than taking on a job in which you have no interest for it will not only discourage your desire to succeed in life but also ruin your talents and ultimately make you an emotional wreck and a bitter person,

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　29. Why is it difficult for young people to choose a suitable job?

　　30. Why are some people unlikely to succeed in life?

　　31. Which of the following statements is most important according to the passage?

　　Passage Three

　　Cheating: The income tax deadline approaches and some taxpayers thoughts turn to it. Test time approaches and some students thoughts turn to it.

　　You want something you cant get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough youll do it Regardless of guilt or deep regret, and youre willing to run the risk of being caught. Thats how Ladd Wheeler,

　　psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating.

　　Many experts believe cheating is on the rise. Were suffering a moral breakdown. Pinkard says. Were seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be dealt with. Whether to cheat depends on whether its the persons interest. He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students.

　　Richard Diensbier. psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that societys attitudes account for much of the increase in cheating.

　　Twenty years ago, if a person cheated in college, society said: That is extremely serious, you will be dropped for a term if not kicked out permanently, he says. Nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Sciences that if a student cheats on an exam， the student must receive an F on what he cheated on, Thats nothing. If youre going to fail, why not cheat?

　　Cheating is most liely in situations where the vital interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low.

　　says social psychologist, Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene.

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　32. What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　33. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　34. What can be inferred from the passage?

　　35. When does cheating tend to occur?