在语速较快的时候,为了方便应用产生了失爆和连读现象。在四六级听力考试部分出现出现的尤其频繁。这是四六级听力考试中难点所在。
学习方法:失爆连读规则繁琐细致,逐条记忆会耗费大量时间。在此将各种情况归纳列表附在本篇后,只需在浏览过规则以后将列表和例句通读几遍,便能自然掌握各种失爆连读情况和培养出较强的英语语感,从根本上提高语言使用能力。
一.失爆:失音,顾名思义就是某一个或者几个音脱落,把单词短语和句子快速连缀成串。
单词间的失音有四种类型。
类型一:前一词以持续音+/t/ /d/结尾,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t/ /d/失音
其中包括:/st/+辅音 /ft/+辅音 /Ft/+辅音 /nd/+辅音 /ld/+辅音 /zd/+辅音 /Td/+辅音 /vd/+辅音 /Wt/+辅音 /md/+辅音 /Nd/+辅音 /nt/+辅音 /lt/+辅音
例如:
last class /lB:s klB:s/ next day / neks dei/ bend back /ben bAk/
类型二:前一词以 破音/擦音+ /t/ /d/结束,后一词以辅音开头,则其中/t/ /d/失音
其中包括: /pt/+辅音 /kt/+辅音 /tFt/+辅音 /bd/+辅音 /gd/+辅音 /dVd/+辅音 /Vd/+辅音
例如:
kept quiet /kep kwai[t/ swept valley /swep vAli/ liked jam /laik dVAm/
parched throat /pB:tF Wr[ut/ fetched me /fetF mi:/ rubbed gently /rQbi dVentli/
注:后一词如始于h则/t/ /d/很少脱落
例如:kept her waiting /kept h[: `weitiN/
类型三:动词否定结尾的缩写形式 nt 中的/t/失音
例如:
You mustnt /mQsn/ lose it
Doesnt /dQzn/ she know?
He wouldnt /wudn/ overeat.
类型四:前一词以/t/ 结束,后一词以/t/ 或 /d/开头,则前面的/t/往往失音。
例如
Ive got to go. /aiv `gRt[ g[u/
What do you want? /wRd[ ju wRnt/
另外,不完全爆破虽然没有归纳到失音类型里来,但实质上也存在不发音现象。
如果前面单词结尾和后面单词开头是两个或者同一个破擦音 则前一音保留口型和发音时间却并不发音。但是听者能感到这个音的存在。
例如:
cut down / kQ daun/ stick to /sti tu:/ break down /bri daun/ let go /le g[u /
二.连读:连贯讲话自然会出现连读现象,在中文中也同样存在,例如传统的北京方言。连读主要出现在意义联系较紧的词,如冠词与名词,数词和名词,动词与副词,连接词与代名词之间。语义自然停顿的地方不用连读。
连读类型:
类型一:辅音与下一个单词的元音连缀,使全句连贯。
例如:
in an hour / in [n au[/ an English book /[n iNgliF buk/
an apple /[n Apl/ a lot of time /[ `lRt [v taim/
类型二:单词以元音结尾,则在元音后加上/r/音以便和下个单词起首元音连缀。
据伦敦出版的第十三版Pronouncing Dictionary 记载,元音间连读情况多出现在以/E/ /iE/ /Z[/ /B:/ /E:/ /C:/结尾的词后。
例如:
more or less / mR:r [ les/ bear up /bZEr Qp/
the idea of it /aidiEr Ev it/
类型三:后单词以h开始,则前面单词结尾音直接与后面单词的元音连读, 此处h很少发音。
例如:
give him /giv im/
let her /let
下一篇: 英语四级考试听力复习的四大技巧
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