词序(word order) 词序就是词或句子成分在句子中的排列顺序。英语里的词和句子成分在句子里的位置比较固定
词序(word order)
词序就是词或句子成分在句子中的排列顺序。英语里的词和句子成分在句子里的位置比较固定。现将句子成分和虚词在陈述句中的一般位置举例说明如下:
1)主语的位置 在陈述句基本结构的最前面。如:
We help each other.我们互相帮助。
2)谓语动词的位置 在主语之后。如:
We go to school every day.我们每天上学。
3)表语的位置 在连系动词之后。如:
Its fine today.今天天气很好。
4)宾语的位置 在及物动词或介词之后。如:
I like this place.我喜欢这个地方。(及物动词的宾语的位置)
There are many trees in this place.这地方有许多树。(介词的宾语的位置)
5)定语的位置 单词作定语,一般放在被修饰语的前面,短语和从句作定语则放在被修饰语的后面。如:
The school library has many books on agriculture.校图书馆有许多关于农业的书。(many和on agriculture,都修饰books,many在books的前面,on agriculture则在它的后面)
6)状语的位置 修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前;修饰动词的状语有的放在动词之前,有的放在动词之后。如动词有宾语,状语一般须放在宾语之后。如:
The Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园非常美丽。(very为状语,修饰形容词beautiful,放在beautiful之前)
I know him well.我十分了解他。(well为状语,修饰动词
know,放在know之后)
The students often go on a picnic.这些学生经常出去野餐。
(often为状语,修饰动词go,放在它的前面)
We take exercise every day.我们每天都运动。(every day为状语,修饰动词take,在宾语exercise之后)
[注]关于以上所讲各个句子成分在句子里的位置,详见第十六章各有
关部分。
7)冠词的位置 冠词在名词之前。如:
I met a friend at the bus-stop.我在公共汽车站遇到一位朋友。
8)介词的位置 介词一般也放在名词或代词之前。如:
There is a map of China on the wall.墙上有一幅中国地图。
9)连词的位置 连词一般放在同类的词、短语或从句之间。如:
They worked quickly and efficiently.他们工作速度快,效率高。
He works just as hard as everyone else although he is over sixty.他尽管六十多岁了,仍和大家一样努力工作。
10)感叹词的位置 感叹词常放在句子最前面。如:
Oh,its you!啊,是你呀!
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