一、考点说明
高考对in case的考查,通常会将其与其他用法相似的结构结合在一起综合考查。同学们在做这类题时,关键的是要能正确理解各个选项的意思,然后结合题干所给定的上下文语境进行综合理解,最后选出一个意思最恰当的选项。如:
1. I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _________I have to wait. (全国卷)
A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if
【解的】答案选A。比较四个选项:in case 意为以防,so that 意为以便,in order 意为目的是为了,as if 意为好像。根据语境,只有填空in case句子意思才通顺。in case 在此题中用作连用,用以引导目的状语从句。
2. Its cloudy outside. Please take an umbrella.
_________. (湖南卷)
A. Yes, take it easy B. Well, it just depends
C. OK, just in case D. All right, youre welcome
【解析】答案选C。take it easy的意思是不要急慢慢来,it just depends的意思是那要看情况,just in case的意思是以防万一,youre welcome的意思是不用客气。根据对话情景,显然只有选C才符合上下文语境。in case 在此起副词作用,用作状语。
有时显然不是直接考查in case的用法,但可能用它来进行干扰。如:
3. How can you expect to learn anything _________ you never listen? (山东卷)
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
【解析】根据句意,答案选D。when在此表示既然。
4. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _________I can have time for a cup of tea. (北京卷)
A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that
【解析】根据句意,答案选D。so that 在此意为以便为了。
二、复习要点
1. 掌握三种用法
in case的用法,归纳起来,主要有以下三种:
(1) 用作连词,表示条件,其意为如果万一。如:
In case you see him, ask him about it. 如果你见着他,问问他这事。
Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。
If case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记,请请醒我一下。
(2) 用作连词,表示目的,其意为以防免得。如:
Ill take my raincoat in case it rains. 我将带上雨衣,以防下雨。
I shall sit up for a time, in case Im wanted. 我暂时不睡以防需要我。
I bought the car at once in case he changed his mind. 我马上买下了那辆汽车,以免他变卦。
I dont let him climb trees in case he tears his trousers. 我不让他爬树,以免撕破裤子。
(3) 起副词作用,其意为以防万一。如:
Youd better carry some money in case. 你最好带些钱,以防万一。
The sun is shining, but Ill take an umbrella just in case. 现在是晴天,但我还是带上雨伞以防万一。
The dog was chained, but I carried a stick in case. 狗是用链条锁住的,但我带着一根棍子以防万一。
2. 注意in case 后从句的时态
(1) 原则上说,若主句为现在时态,则从句也用现在时态;主句为过去时态,从句也用过去时态。如:
I always keep candles in the house in case there is a power cut. 我家里常备有蜡烛,以防断电。
I wrote down her address in case I forgot it. 我记下了她的住址,免得忘了。
He wasnt going to use his car in case somebody recognized it. 他不打算用自己的汽车,因为怕有人认出他的车。
(2) 有时从句也可用should+动词原形这样的虚拟语气(不管主句为现在时态还是过去时态)。如:
I dont let him go out in this weather in case he should catch cold. 我不让他这种天气出去以防他会感冒。
Ive bought a chicken in case your friend should stay to lunch. 我买了一只鸡,免得你的朋友万一留下来吃午饭没菜。
(3) 注意,当主句为将来时态时,从句谓语不能用将来时态,而要用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:
Ill keep a seat for you in case you change your mind. 我给你留一个座位,以防你会改变主意。
3. 不要混淆in case 与in case of
in case 可用作连词和副词,而in case of 用作介词。如:
In case of fire, ring the bell. 如发生火灾,请按铃。
The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿江筑了堤坝以防有洪水。
有时两者可以互相转换。如:
In case Im not here, ask my brother to help you.=In case of my not being here, ask my brother to help you.(www.nmet168.com)
如果我不在,可让我弟弟帮助你。
4. 弄清in case与if的区别
注意下面两个句子在意思上的不同:
Ill come tomorrow in case Ann wants me. 明天我要来,以备安找我。
Ill come tomorrow if Ann wants me. 如果安找我,我明天就来。
但是,介词短语 in case of与 if there is的意思却相同。如:
In case of accident phone 999.=If there is an accident phone 999. 如果发生事故,请拨电话999。