不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类,也是高考英语中最常考的一类,同学们复习时应注意以下几点:
1. some 与 any。some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any。如:
Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?
Why dont you bring some flowers? 为什么不带些花来呢?
2. 指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。如:
He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。
Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?
注:each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如:
There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。
3. (a) few 与 (a) little。few和a few 后接复数名词,而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调少,含有否定意义;而带有不定冠词的a few 和 a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调有,含有肯定意义。如:
He knew few of them. 他们中间他认识的人很少。
He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。
He knew little about it. 他对此知道得很少。
There is still a little left. 还剩一点点。
4. all, every, each的用法。从强调重点上看:all强调整体地考虑总体,every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体;从用法上看:all和each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接 of 短语;从含义上看,each 指两者或两者以上的每个,every指三者或三者以上每个,因此指两者时只能用 each。
5. other, the other, another, others的用法。指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用 the other;指复数时,若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词),若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词)。如:
Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。
Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。
We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。
Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?
注:another后一般要单数可数名词,但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰,则也可接复数名词。如:
Ive got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟。
6. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与nobody 用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,且其后不能接of短语,用作主语时谓语单数;而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物,其后通常接of短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)。如:
No one [Nobody] has read it. 没有人读过它。
None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。
None of the films is [are] worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。
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