过去时态表示动作发生在过去,说的是一个过去的事而完成时态是为了解释一个现在的状况而去提一件过去的事,目的是说的是一个现在的事。请比较:
I lost my key. 我丢了钥匙。(lost用的是过去时态,这句话的意思是给你讲一个过去的故事,而说话者眼下也许正在悠闲地喝咖啡)
I have lost my key. 我丢了钥匙。(have lost用的是完成时态,这句话的意思是告诉你一件当前的事,说话者正冻得浑身发抖进不去屋子,打电话求救110帮他把门打开)
I have washed my car.我已经洗过我的车了。
(意思是:我的车现在很干净了,不用再洗了)
I have had my lunch.我已经吃过午饭了。
(意思是:我现在已经不饿了,你不用再请我吃饭了)
I have studied English for 11 years.我学英语已经十一年了。
(意思是:我学英语已经11年了,很长时间了,不用再学了,或者我已经学了太长时间的英语,我厌烦了,学够了)
The students have closed the door.学生们已经关上了门。
(意思是:我们现在从门肯定是进不去了,得跳窗户了)
I have sat for hours in the library, reading a novel
我已经在图书馆坐了几个小时,一直在读书。
(意思是:我现在读书读得很累了,我想休息一下了)
She has found a job. 她已经找了一份工作。
(意思是:她现在已经不失业了,有稳定的生活,可以在这定居下来了)
Her watch has gone wrong.她的手表已经坏了。
(意思是:她今天迟到不是故意的,是因为表坏了)
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