不可数名词的语法特征
1. 不可数名词不能接受不定冠词a, an的限制。如果不可数名词的前面出现不定冠词a, an,则说明这个不可数名词已经转化了。如:
There is snow on the ground. 地上有雪。
There was a heavy snow last night. 昨晚下了一场大雪。
I dont like coffee. 我不喜欢咖啡。
A coffee, please. 请来一份咖啡。
2. 不可数名词没有复数形式。有的以-s结尾的不可数名词并没有复数的概念。如:
Theres good news tonight. 今晚有好消息。
3. 不可数名词受the限制时,表示特指;不受任何冠词限制时,表示泛指。如:
We cant live without air. 没有空气我们就不能活。
Open the window. The air is so bad. 打开窗户吧。里面的空气很不好。
Its pleasant to walk in soft snow. 在松软的雪里走很舒服。
Lets take a walk in the snow. 咱们去踏雪散散步。
4. 不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Physics is a difficult subject for me. 对我来说物理是一门难学的科目。
5. 不可数名词不能受基数词的修饰,如果确实要表达数量关系,必需加上表示个体性的单位词。如:
Id love a piece of bread. 我要一个面包。
There are five bottles of milk on the table. 桌子上有五瓶牛奶。
这种单位词有四类:
(1) 表示个数,如piece, bit, item, article等。例如:
a bit of wood 一片木头
an item of news 一则资讯
(2) 表示形状,如cake, slice, block, ear, bar, drop, heap等。例如:
a cake of soap 一块肥皂
a slice of meat 一片肉
a block of ice 一块冰
an ear of wheat 一穗麦子
a bar of chocolate 一条巧克力
(3) 表示容积,如cup, bottle, bowl, bag, glass, box, tube, bucket等,例如:
a cup of tea 一杯茶
a bowl of rice 一碗饭
a bag of rice 一袋米
two glasses of water 两杯水
a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏
*注意:可数名词后可加-s,不可数名词后不能加-s。如:two boxes of books 两箱书
(4) 表示动作或状态,如burst, gust, flash, fit等,例如:
a burst of laughter 一阵笑声
a gust of wind 一阵风
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