正确使用标点符号
1.逗号
请遵循以下4大规则:
1.用逗号分开系列成分。如果有2个以上相同成分,则应用逗号分开;例如:
My recipe for buttermilk biscuits contains flour, soda and buttermilk.
2. 使用逗号来分开插入从句和短语;例如:
Gordon, who is a writer by profession, bakes an excellent cheesecake.
3.在引导性分词或介词短语后使用逗号;例如:
After the banquet, Harold and Martha went dancing.
4.利用逗号来分开连词连接的独立从句。例如:
Susans old car has been belching blue smoke from the tailpipe for two weeks, but it has not broken down yet.
2.分号
请遵循以下2大规则:
1.使用分号而不是并列连词来连接两个含义紧密的独立从句;例如:
Whooping cranes are an endangered species; they are unlikely to survive if we continue to pollute.
2. therefore、nevertheless和moreover等词连接的独立从句可用分号隔开。例如:
The staff meeting has been postponed until next Thursday; therefore, I will be unable to get approval for my project until then.
3.冒号
请遵循以下3大规则:
1.在正式的写作中,冒号的作用仅在于表明其后是对前面所述内容的详细说明、定义、解释或过去发生事情的概述。冒号之前一般是独立从句,并且通常情况下有as follows、the following、namely或like等提示短语。例如:
正确:Your instructions are as follows: read the passage carefully, answer the questions on the last page, and turn over your answer sheet.
2.动词和直接宾语间不要放冒号。例如:
错误:I want: a slice of pizza and a small green salad.
正确:This is what I want: A slice of pizza and a small green salad.
3.如果前后两句话有如上所述的紧密关系,即使没有上述表示这层关系的短语,也可使用冒号,并且在这种情况下,句号也可用。例如:
正确:We were aghast: The charming country inn that had been advertised in such glowing terms proved to be a leaking cabin full of mosquitoes.
4.连字符号和破折号
请遵循以下7大规则:
1.行末单词分开时使用连字符号。例如:
正确:In this incredible canvas, the artist used only monochromatic elements.
2.表示21-99这些数字和用作形容词的分数时,使用连字符号。
错误:A two thirds vote was necessary to carry the measure.
正确:A two-thirds vote was necessary to carry the measure.
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