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新GMAT考试中的Argument变化有哪些

发布时间:2016-03-02  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  如何在新的gmat作文考试中获取好的成绩呢?对于计划参加gmat考试的人来说,如何才能在新gmat考试中获取高分,成为大家比较关注的问题,下面就来看看在新gmat考试中的一些变化。

  新G和老G,在给的材料上基本没有什么变化,惟一多出来的是8个instruction,这8个instruction就是让我们从不同的视角去剖析材料中的逻辑错误。

  首先,官方指南明确指出,在阅读材料的时候,需要弄清楚材料中的以下一些内容:

  1:材料中提供了哪些证明,支持或证据。

  2:材料中明确地提出了哪些观点或结论。

  3:材料中提出了哪些假设,而且这些假设可能没有经过证明。

  4:材料中有哪些哪些暗示。

  然后是8个instruction:

  1.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

  2. Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

  3. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

  4. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

  5. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

  6. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.

  7. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the advice and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the advice.

  8. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be addressed in order to decide whether the conclusion and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to the questions would help to evaluate the conclusion.

  我认为这8个instruction其实可以归结为4个。而且从本质上来说它们又都是一样的,都基于材料中的逻辑错误。

  specific evidence 其实就是针对逻辑错误进行具体的论证。

  one or more alternative explanations 针对文中的事实给出其它的合乎逻辑的解释。

  stated and/or unstated assumptions 就是作者的一些表面,肤浅,想当然的看法,即逻辑错误。

  Questions 就是对逻辑错误进行提问式的指出,然后进行解答。

  下面通过举例来说明如何列提纲以及如何组织文章。

  以Argument 32 为例,相同材料的还有104,105,106 基本涵盖了这几种instruction。

  首先,我们从老G的逻辑推理的方式入手。对于这个题,我们可以列出以下几点进行反驳:

  1:作者认为Q.M公司的工作事故是因为劳累和睡眠不足所致,这个假设不一定成立,可能存在其他的原因,比如生产管理,员工的安全意识,员工的操作熟练程度。

  2: 即使1的假设成立,而且作者提出减少疲劳和睡眠不足的有效途径是shorten work shifts,但是这个方法有效的前提是工作人员会利用多余的时间去休息,作者并不能证明这一点。

  3:作者以30%作为依据认为Q.M公司的更容易发生生产事故,这是一个逻辑错误,因为并不知道两个公司的规模,如果Q.M公司有200个员工,而其中有13起工作事故,于此同时,P公司有100个员工,发生了10起工作事故。还有P公司是否只是一个特例,作者没有给出更全面的调查,可能有的公司shorten work shifts 但有更高的工作事故率。

  4:作者最后的结论也存在问题,减少了工作事故是否就一定会提高生产效率? 提高生产率应该会涉及很多方面。

  然后,考虑新G的各种instruction下的提纲:

  比如第32题:

  Instruction: Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

  提纲:1:作者认为Q.M公司的工作事故是因为劳累和睡眠不足所致,这个假设不一定成立,可能存在其他的原因,比如生产管理,员工的安全意识,员工的操作熟练程度。

  2: 即使1的假设成立,而且作者认为shorten work shifts就可以减少疲劳和睡眠不足,但是这个方法有效的前提是工作人员会利用多余的时间去休息,作者并不能证明这一点。

  3:作者以30%作为依据认为Q.M公司的更容易发生生产事故,这是一个逻辑错误,因为并不知道两个公司的规模,如果Q.M公司有200个。

  4:作者最后的结论也存在问题,认为减少了工作事故是否就一定会提高生产效率,提高生产效率应该会涉及很多方面。

  

  

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