GMAT作文部分包括的了Issue和Argument两部分。Issue部分写作,经常容易出现跑题现象,而这种跑题又往往是在Issue部分错误地使用了Argument的思路,结果导致在考试实战时,当发现自己跑题了,往往已经没有时间进行修改,严重影响了后面考试状态。所以,如何避免跑题是考生备考过程中必须重视的一个问题,以下通过例题来初步学习如何避免Issue作文跑题。
A companys long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the companys employees.
这道题讨论的是企业长期成功与工作满意度及工作稳定度之间的关系。相对应的补集概念为企业长期失败与工作不满意及工作不稳定。那么,在以上所叙述的四个集合之间展开的讨论,都是属于紧扣题意的。
如果错误使用Argument寻找他因的思路,考生就容易去思考企业长期成功除了依靠工作满意度及工作稳定度之外,还要依靠新兴市场、企业美誉度、商业联盟等因素,即可能形成类似下面这种范文段落:
I agree that business success is more likely when employees feel satisfied with their jobs. Employees who dislike the workplace or their jobs are not likely to reach their potential performance levels; they may tend to arrive late for work, perform their tasks in an unimaginative and sluggish manner, or take excessive sick leaves. Nevertheless, a firms long-term success may equally result from other factors such as finding a market niche for products, securing a reputation for quality products and services, or forming a synergistic alliance with a competitor. This list hardly exhausts all the factors that can contribute to a firms ultimate success, and no none of themincluding job satisfactionis pivotal in every case.
以上段落中,前半部分论述得当,而后面的划线部分内容就有跑题之嫌。因为,这种发散的思路,从形式上,缺少了一组重要的关键词工作满意度及工作稳定度从内容上,把文章带领到了一个无边无际的他因海洋之中,严重稀释了原有命题所应有的论证内容,这种发散思路只适用于Argument的批判写作。
再比如,一位考生在讨论领导者与道德之间的关系时,主体第一段写领导者需要有道德,第二段写领导者除了要有道德之外,还需要有沟通能力,第三段写领导者除了有道德和沟通能力外,还需要有团队合作能力。可见,这篇文章,除了第一段扣题之外,第二和第三段都属于跑题段落。
因此,在做Issue部分题目的时候,如果思路需要脱离开题目关键词进行发散思维,一定提高警惕,或者放弃这部分发散内容,或者对于这部分发散内容做略写处理。考试大收集整理
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