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Another problem that weakens/ undermines the logic of this argument is that
Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out another flaw that undermines the argument.
四、 攻击的方法:
例证法: for example / instance
假设法: if, even if , given that ,granted that
only when ,unless , in this / that case , even so.Unless the arguer provides substantial evidence regarding /concerning / as to , the assumption that is unfounded /problematic / unconvincing
推测法: it is possible that , it is equally possible that , another
possibility is that , it is also likely that
possibly , perhaps
五、 运用闪光句型增加文采: P 88
六、 数据的问题:
1. Begging the question 把有待证实的关键性假设当作已经成立
Circular reasoning 循环论证 P35 2 , P44 37, P53 73
2. Fallacy of missing evidence
Hasty generalization 急于概括
Neglect a relevant evidence 忽略相关证据
P51 66 , P48 56
3. False analogy 只看到表层差异,而忽略深层差异
P63 112 , P42 29
4. False dilemma / either or fallacy 非此即彼的错误
P59 96 , P43 34
5. Non sequitor = non causal relationship
P50 62 , P52 70
闪光句型:
In the absence of all this information, it is impossible for us to evaluate
that
However, the arguer fails to provide any information regarding
It is very likely that
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