41Butter has now been replaced by margarine in Happy Pancake House restaurants throughout the southwestern United States. Only about 2 percent of customers have complained, indicating that 98 people out of 100 are happy with the change. Furthermore, many servers have reported that a number of customers who still ask for butter do not complain when they are given margarine instead. Clearly, either these customers cannot distinguish margarine from butter, or they use the term butter to refer to either butter or margarine. Thus, to avoid the expense of purchasing butter, the Happy Pancake House should extend this cost-saving change to its restaurants in the southeast and northeast as well.
42Many employees of major United States corporations are fearful that they will lose their jobs in the near future, but this fear is largely unfounded. According to a recent study, a majority of companies expected to make new hires in the coming year, while fewer companies expected to lay off employees. In addition, although it is very disturbing to be laid off, the proliferation of programs and of workshops designed to improve job-finding skills has made being laid off far less painful than it once was.
43In the Bayhead Public Library, books that are rarely borrowed continue to take up shelf space year after year, while people who want to read a recent novel frequently find that the librarys only copy is checked out. Clearly, the librarys plan to replace books that are borrowed no more than once a year with sufficient copies of more recent books will solve this problem. The protest we have heard since this plan was made public has come from a small, and thus unrepresentative, group of some thirty people and so should therefore be ignored.
44The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment building to its manager.
One month ago, all the showerheads on the first five floors of SunnysideT owers were modified to restrict the water flow to approximately 1/3 of its original force. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, restricting water flow throughout all the 20 floors of Sunnyside Towers will increase our profits further.
45The following is a recommendation from the director of personnel to the president of Professional Printing Company.
In a recent telephone survey of automobile factory workers, older employees were less likely to report that having a supervisor present increases their productivity. Among workers aged 18 to 29, 27 percent said that they are more productive in the presence of their immediate supervisor, compared to 12 percent for those aged 30 or over, and only 8 percent for those aged 50 or over. Clearly, if our printing company hires mainly older employees, we will increase productivity and save money because of the reduced need for supervisors.
46The following appeared as part of an article in a health magazine.
A new discovery warrants a drastic change in the diets of people living in the United States. Two scientists have recently suggested that omega -3 fatty acids play a key role in mental health. Our ancestors, who ate less saturated fat and more polyunsaturated fat, including omega -3 fatty acids, were much less likely to suffer from depression than we are today. Moreover, modern societies ― such as those in Japan and Taiwan ― that consume large quantities of fish report depression rates lower than that in the United States. Given this link between omega -3 fatty acids and depression, it is important for all people in the United States to increase their consumption of fish in order to prevent depression.
47A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids ― a painkiller ― to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.
48The following is a recommendation from the dean at Foley College, a small liberal arts college, to the president of the college.
Since college-bound students are increasingly concerned about job prospects after graduation, Foley College should attempt to increase enrollment by promising to find its students jobs after they graduate. Many administrators feel that this strategy is a way for Foley to compete against larger and more prestigious schools and to encourage students to begin preparing for careers as soon as they enter college. Furthermore, a student who must choose a career path within his or her first year of college and who is guaranteed a job after graduation is more likely to successfully complete the coursework that will prepare him or her for the future.
49The following is a letter to the editor of the Glenville Gazette, a local newspaper.
Over the past few years, the number of people who have purchased advance tickets for the Glenville Summer Concert series has declined, indicating lack of community support. Although the weather has been unpredictable in the past few years, this cannot be the reason for the decline in advance ticket purchases, because many people attended the concerts even in bad weather. Clearly, then, the reason for the decline is the choice of music, so the organizers of the concert should feature more modern music in the future and should be sure to include music composed by Richerts, whose recordings Glenville residents purchase more often than any other contemporary recordings. This strategy will undoubtedly increase advance ticket purchases and will increase attendance at the concerts.
50The following is a letter from a professor at Xanadu College to the colleges president.
The development of an extensive computer-based long-distance learning program will enhance the reputation of Xanadu College. This program would allow more students to enroll in our courses, thereby increasing our income from student tuition. Traditional courses could easily be adapted for distance learners, as was shown by the adaptation of two traditional courses for our distance learning trial project last year. Also, by using computer programs and taped lectures, faculty will have fewer classroom obligations and more time to engage in extensive research, thereby enhancing the reputation of Xanadu.
41 House在美国西南部的餐厅用人造黄油代替了天然黄油。只有大约2%的顾客曾经投诉，这说明100个人中有98人对于这种替换是乐于接受的。而且，很多服务生报告说很多仍然要了天然黄油的顾客在被给予人造黄油的时候并没有投诉。显然，这些顾客要么分不清天然黄油和人造黄油，要么是用天然黄油这个词汇来指天然黄油或人造黄油。因此，为避免购买天然黄油的花费，Happy Pancake House应该把这项节省措施推广到在东南部以及东北部的餐厅。
42很多美国大公司的员工担心他们在不久的将来可能失业，但这种担心是没有依据的。根据最近的一项研究，大部分公司准备在来年雇佣新员工，而更少的公司准备裁员。而且，尽管下岗确实很麻烦，但一些帮助人们提高求职技巧的培训项目的增加使下岗远没有以前那么痛苦。
43在Bayhead公共图书馆，那些很少被借阅的图书仍然长期占据着书库空间，而想要读最新小说的读者往往发现图书馆唯一的一本已经被借出了。显然，图书馆用充足的最新书籍来代替一年中被借阅不超过一次的书籍的计划将解决这一问题。这项计划公布后我们所听到的抗议来自一个30来人的很小的，因而也不具有代表性的团体，所以可以被忽略。
44一个月之前，Sunnyside塔楼最低的五层的所有淋浴喷头被调节成水压只有以前的大约三分之一。尽管在调节之后用水量的确切读数还没有出来，但这种变革显然将为Sunnyside公司节省大量的花费，因为公司必须每月为所用的水付费。除了关于低水压的几起投诉，在调节之后没有发生关于淋浴喷头的问题的报告。显然，在Sunnyside塔楼所有的20层都限制水压将会增加我们未来的利润。
45在最近一次对汽车工厂工人的电话调查中，年纪大一些的员工更少报告说有管理员在场会提高他们的生产效率。在18到29岁的员工中，27%的人说当他们的顶头上司在场时更有效率，相比之下，30岁及以上的工人只有12%，50岁及以上的工人只有8%这样认为。显然，如果我们印刷公司主要雇佣年纪大一些的员工的话，我们的劳动生产率将会提高，并且节省开支，因为对于管理员的需求将会减少。
46一项新发现表明生活在美国的居民饮食将会发生显著变化。两名学者最近指出omega-3脂肪酸在精神健康方面有很重要的作用。我们的祖先食用更少的饱和脂肪和的多重不饱和脂肪，包括omega-3脂肪酸，他们患抑郁症的可能性比我们现在要低很多。而且，食用大量鱼类的现代社会比如象日本和台湾那样的社会抑郁症的上报率比在美国要低。基于以上omega-3脂肪酸和抑郁症的联系，让所有的美国人增加鱼类的食用量以防止抑郁症是很重要的。
47一项新报告表明，男性和女性对于疼痛的感受是有显著差异的，医生在开止痛药方的时候应该考虑到这种差异。当研究者把相同剂量的卡帕麻醉药一种止痛药分发给智齿刚刚被拔除的28名男子和20名女子的时候，女性报告的她们感受的痛楚要比男性小的多，而且止痛的时间女性更长。这一研究说明当需要止痛药时，应该给女性服用卡帕麻醉药，而应该给男性服用其他的止痛药。而且，研究人员应该重新评估所有药品对于男性以及女性的效用。
48鉴于要读大学的学生越来越关注毕业后的就业前景，Foley学院应该尝试通过保证其学生在毕业后找到工作来增加就读人数。很多管理者感到这一策略是Foley学院与更大、历史更悠久的学校竞争，并鼓励学生在一入校就开始职业准备的途径。而且，一个在大学一年纪就必须选择一条职业道路，并且被保证毕业后有工作的学生更可能成功地完成那些为他们的未来作准备的课程。
49过去几年中，购买了Glenville夏季音乐会的预售票的人数减少了，表明它缺乏社会支持。尽管过去几年的天气确实有些变化无常，但这并不是预售票销售减少的原因，因为很多人即使在坏天气下仍然参加音乐会。显然，销量下降的原因是音乐的选择，因此音乐会的组织者应该在未来提供的现代音乐，并保证演奏的Richerts作曲的作品，Glenville的居民购买他的唱片的数量显著多于其他的当代音乐唱片。这一策略无疑将会增加预售票的销量并增加音乐会的上座率。
50发展一套大型计算机远程教学系统将会提高Xanadu学院的声誉。这一系统将使学生报名参加我们的课程，从而提高我们的学费收入。传统教学可以很容易地改编成远程教学内容，这已经被去年我们远程教学实验系统的两个传统课程的改编所证实。而且，通过使用计算机程序和录音教学，员工可以减少去教室的次数并有的时间从事大规模的科研活动，从而提高Xanadu的声誉。
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