GRE写作Argument部分有7种常犯的逻辑错误。从这7个方向去发掘Argument的错误会帮助考生快速定位,打开思路。
第一宗罪:无因果联系
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.
第二宗罪:样本不足 Insufficient-sample
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion , unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.
第三宗罪: 错误类比 横向
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....
第四宗罪:时地全等 all things are equal纵向
The author commits the fallacy of all things are equal. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....
第五宗罪:二者择一 Either-Or choice
The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
第六宗罪:可疑调查 survey is doubtful
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.
第七宗罪:结论无据 gratuitous assumption
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility
上一篇: 新GRE写作:2012全面突破备考必读
下一篇: 新GRE写作AW三阶段备考策略
每天一首英文歌:Feet Don't Fail Me Now —— Foxes
每天一首英文歌:Absolutely Anything And Anything At All —— Kylie Minogue
每天一首英文歌:No Pressure —— Little Boots
Fast food nation《快餐帝国》台词解析6
Fast food nation《快餐帝国》台词解析2
每日一句 英语翻译
高中英语作文:行动比想法有效 Action Is Better Than Thoughts
Fast food nation《快餐帝国》台词解析5
From the earth to the moon《从地球到月球》台词解析2
聊天英语口语:如何应付面试难关
高中英语作文:孤独的灵魂 The Lonely Soul
Fast food nation《快餐帝国》台词解析3
高中英语作文:我的暑假开始了 My Summer Vacation Begins
每天一首英文歌:Home —— Phillip Phillips
聊天英语口语:进外企工作
每天一首英文歌:Special Needs —— Placebo
The princess diaries《公主日记》里的台词解析1
From the earth to the moon《从地球到月球》台词解析3
From the earth to the moon《从地球到月球》台词解析5
聊天英语口语:自主创业
每天一首英文歌:Good For You —— Selena Gomez
每天一首英文歌:Sunshine —— Keane
聊天英语口语:这些衣服都好贵啊
高中英语作文:机器代替人? Will Robot Take the Place of Men
The princess diaries《公主日记》里的台词解析2
高中英语作文:放下手机 Put Down Smart Phone
小学英语作文:快乐的结局 The Happy Ending
高中英语作文:夏令营活动 Summer Camp Activity
每日一句 英语翻译
The princess diaries《公主日记》里的台词解析5