GRE写作Argument部分有7种常犯的逻辑错误。从这7个方向去发掘Argument的错误会帮助考生快速定位,打开思路。
第一宗罪:无因果联系
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.
第二宗罪:样本不足 Insufficient-sample
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion , unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.
第三宗罪: 错误类比 横向
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....
第四宗罪:时地全等 all things are equal纵向
The author commits the fallacy of all things are equal. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....
第五宗罪:二者择一 Either-Or choice
The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
第六宗罪:可疑调查 survey is doubtful
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.
第七宗罪:结论无据 gratuitous assumption
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility
上一篇: 新GRE写作:2012全面突破备考必读
下一篇: 新GRE写作AW三阶段备考策略
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修7 Unit 2《Robots》
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题12 非谓语动词
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题7 并列句和状语从句
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修1 Unit 3《Travel journal》(含解析)
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修8 Unit 4《Pygmalion》
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修1 Unit 1《Friendship》(含解析)
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修8 Unit 3《Inventors and inventions》
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修2 Unit 2《The Olympic Games》(含解析)
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修1 Unit 5《Nelson Mandela-a modern hero》(含解析)
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修1 Unit 4《Earthquakes》(含解析)
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题14 语篇型语法填空
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修2 Unit 1《Cultural relics》(含解析)
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题8 特殊句式
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题15 短文改错
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题13 情态动词和虚拟语气
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题19 词义猜测
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修3 Unit 1《Festivals around the world》(含解析)
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修1 Unit 2《English around the world》(含解析)
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题5 定语从句
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修6 Unit 4《Global warming》
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题18 推理判断
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修3 Unit 2《Healthy eating》(含解析)
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修2 Unit 4《Wildlife Protection》(含解析)
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修3 Unit 3《The Million Pound Bank-Note》(含解析)
《600分考点700分考法》A版2017届高考英语一轮专题复习课件:专题2 代词
2017版高考英语一轮复习知能演练轻松闯关:必修2 Unit 3《Computers》(含解析)
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修6 Unit 5《The power of nature》
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修6 Unit 2《Poems》
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修7 Unit 4《Sharing》
2017届《名师A计划》高考英语新人教版一轮复习配套课件:选修6 Unit 3《A healthy life》