GRE阅读练习每日一篇(四十三)

　　编辑点评： GRE阅读的方法相信大家已经积累了很多了，本文就为大家提供一些GRE阅读的材料，大家来练一练，把平时学到的东西运用到实际中，也多多积累词汇和句子，提高自己的阅读能力。

　　每天做一些标准的GRE阅读练习，有助于大家在GRE考试的复习过程中不断地进行练习和总结。希望大家在进行GRE阅读练习时，充分运用平时所积累的知识，这样才能有效果。

　　Many critics of Emily Bronte s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis , but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.

　　17. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?

　　The second part has received more attention from critics.

　　The second part has little relation to the first part.

　　The second part annuls the force of the first part.

　　The second part provides less substantiation for a romantic reading.

　　The second part is better because it is more realistic.

　　18. Which of the following inferences about Henry James s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?

　　James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction.

　　James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.

　　James s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of Bronte.

　　James s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual novels.

　　James s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his novels.

　　19. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should

　　not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel

　　not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel

　　not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure

　　concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel s main structure

　　primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware

　　20. The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?

　　I. Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into theses.

　　II. Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.

　　III. Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering Heights.

　　IV. Hamlet has not received a critical interpretation that has been widely accepted by readers.

　　I only

　　II only

　　I and IV only

　　III and IV only

　　I, II, and III only

　　The determination of the sources of copper ore used in the manufacture of copper and bronze artifacts of Bronze Age civilizations would add greatly to our knowledge of cultural contacts and trade in that era. Researchers have analyzed artifacts and ores for their concentrations of elements, but for a variety of reasons, these studies have generally failed to provide evidence of the sources of the copper used in the objects. Elemental composition can vary within the same copper-ore lode, usually because of varying admixtures of other elements, especially iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic. And high concentrations of cobalt or zinc, noticed in some artifacts, appear in a variety of copper-ore sources. Moreover, the processing of ores introduced poorly controlled changes in the concentrations of minor and trace elements in the resulting metal. Some elements evaporate during smelting and roasting; different temperatures and processes produce different degrees of loss. Finally, flux, which is sometimes added during smelting to remove waste material from the ore, could add quantities of elements to the final product.

　　An elemental property that is unchanged through these chemical processes is the isotopic composition of each metallic element in the ore. Isotopic composition, the percentages of the different isotopes of an element in a given sample of the element, is therefore particularly suitable as an indicator of the sources of the ore. Of course, for this purpose it is necessary to find an element whose isotopic composition is more or less constant throughout a given ore body, but varies from one copper ore body to another or, at least, from one geographic region to another.

　　The ideal choice, when isotopic composition is used to investigate the source of copper ore, would seem to be copper itself. It has been shown that small but measurable variations occur naturally in the isotopic composition of copper. However, the variations are large enough only in rare ores; between samples of the common ore minerals of copper, isotopic variations greater than the measurement error have not been found. An alternative choice is lead, which occurs in most copper and bronze artifacts of the Bronze Age in amounts consistent with the lead being derived from the copper ores and possibly from the fluxes. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another, with variations exceeding the measurement error; and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. While some of the lead found in an artifact may have been introduced from flux or when other metals were added to the copper ore, lead so added in Bronze Age processing would usually have the same isotopic composition as the lead in the copper ore. Lead isotope studies may thus prove useful for interpreting the archaeological record of the Bronze Age.

　　21. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　discuss the techniques of analyzing lead isotope composition

　　propose a way to determine the origin of the copper in certain artifacts

　　resolve a dispute concerning the analysis of copper ore

　　describe the deficiencies of a currently used method of chemical analysis of certain metals

　　offer an interpretation of the archaeological record of the Bronze Age

　　22. The author first mentions the addition of flux during smelting in order to

　　give a reason for the failure of elemental composition studies to determine ore sources

　　illustrate differences between various Bronze Age civilizations

　　show the need for using high smelting temperatures

　　illustrate the uniformity of lead isotope composition

　　explain the success of copper isotope composition analysis

　　23. The author suggests which of the following about a Bronze Age artifact containing high concentrations of cobalt or zinc?

　　It could not be reliably tested for its elemental composition.

　　It could not be reliably tested for its copper isotope composition.

　　It could not be reliably tested for its lead isotope composition.

　　It could have been manufactured from ore from any one of a variety of sources.

　　It could have been produced by the addition of other metals during the processing of the copper ore.

　　24. According to the passage, possible sources of the lead found in a copper or bronze artifact include which of the following?

　　I. The copper ore used to manufacture the artifact

　　II. Flux added during processing of the copper ore

　　III. Other metal added during processing of the copper ore

　　I only

　　II only

　　III only

　　II and III only

　　I, II, and III

　　25. The author rejects copper as the ideal choice mentioned in line 33 because

　　the concentration of copper in Bronze Age artifacts varies

　　elements other than copper may be introduced during smelting

　　the isotopic composition of copper changes during smelting

　　among common copper ores, differences in copper isotope composition are too small

　　within a single source of copper ore, copper isotope composition can vary substantially

　　26. The author makes which of the following statements about lead isotope composition?

　　It often varies from one copper-ore source to another.

　　It sometimes varies over short distances in a single copper-ore source.

　　It can vary during the testing of artifacts, producing a measurement error.

　　It frequently changes during smelting and roasting.

　　It may change when artifacts are buried for thousands of years.

　　27. It can be inferred from the passage that the use of flux in processing copper ore can alter the lead isotope composition of the resulting metal EXCEPT when

　　there is a smaller concentration of lead in the flux than in the copper ore

　　the concentration of lead in the flux is equivalent to that of the lead in the ore

　　some of the lead in the flux evaporates during processing

　　any lead in the flux has the same isotopic composition as the lead in the ore

　　other metals are added during processing

　　答案：17-27：DBBBBADEDAD