GRE阅读练习每日一篇(六)

　　编辑点评： GRE阅读的方法相信大家已经积累了很多了，本文就为大家提供一些GRE阅读的材料，大家来练一练，把平时学到的东西运用到实际中，也多多积累词汇和句子，提高自己的阅读能力。

　　每天做一些标准的GRE阅读练习，有助于大家在GRE考试的复习过程中不断地进行练习和总结。希望大家在进行GRE阅读练习时，充分运用平时所积累的知识，这样才能有效果。

　　My objective is to analyze certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power, I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law, or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes.

　　It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strengthens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunctions and contradictions that isolate them from one another; and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies.

　　Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its more peripheral effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analyzing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent forms of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations that, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in every relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, inert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in turn to arrest their movement. One needs to be nominalistc, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society.

　　17. The author s primary purpose in defining power is to

　　counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the term

　　establish a compromise among those who have defined the term in different ways

　　increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examples

　　demonstrate how the meaning of the term has evolved

　　avoid possible misinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term

　　18. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between law and power?

　　Law is the protector of power.

　　Law is the source of power.

　　Law sets bounds to power.

　　Law is a product of power.

　　Law is a stabilizer of power.

　　19. Which of the following methods is NOT used extensively by the author in describing his own conception of power?

　　Restatement of central ideas

　　Provision of concrete examples

　　Analysis and classification

　　Comparison and contrast

　　Statement of cause and effect

　　20. With which of the following statement would the author be most likely to agree?

　　Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts absolutely.

　　The highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless power without abusing it.

　　To love knowledge is to love power.

　　It is from the people and their deeds that power springs.

　　The health of the people as a state is the foundation on which all their power depends.

　　21. The author s attitude toward the various kinds of compulsion employed by social institutions is best described as

　　concerned and sympathetic

　　scientific and detached

　　suspicious and cautious

　　reproachful and disturbed

　　meditative and wistful

　　22. According to the passage, states of power are transient because of the

　　differing natures and directions of the forces that create them

　　rigid structural framework in which they operate

　　unique source from which they emanate

　　pervasive nature and complexity of the mechanisms by which they operate

　　concatenation that seeks to arrest their movement

　　23. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes the conflict among social forces to be

　　essentially the same from one society to another even though its outward manifestation may seem different

　　usually the result of misunderstandings that impede social progress

　　an inevitable feature of the social order of any state

　　wrongly blamed for disrupting the stability of society

　　best moderated in states that possess a strong central government

　　The hypothesis of an expanding Earth has never attracted notable support, and if it were not for the historical example of continental drift, such indifference might be a legitimate response to an apparently improbable concept. It should be remembered, however, that drift too was once regarded as illusory, but the idea was kept alive until evidence from physicists compelled geologists to reinterpret their data.

　　Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to reenact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted. The cases are not precisely analogous. There were serious problems with the pre-drift world view that a drift theory could help to resolve, whereas Earth expansion appears to offer no comparable advantages. If, however, physicists could show that the Earth s gravitational force has decreased with time, expansion would have to be reconsidered and accommodated.

　　24. The passage indicates that one reason why the expansion hypothesis has attracted little support is that it will not

　　overcome deficiencies in current geologic hypotheses

　　clarify theories concerning the Earth s gravitational forces

　　complement the theory of continental drift

　　accommodate relevant theories from the field of physics

　　withstand criticism from scientists outside the field of geology

　　25. The final acceptance of a drift theory could best be used to support the argument that

　　physicists are reluctant to communicate with other scientists

　　improbable hypotheses usually turn out to be valid

　　there should be cooperation between different fields of science

　　there is a need for governmental control of scientific research

　　scientific theories are often proved by accident

　　26. In developing his argument, the author warns against

　　relying on incomplete measurements

　　introducing irrelevant information

　　rejecting corroborative evidence

　　accepting uninformed opinions

　　making unwarranted comparisons

　　27. It can be deduced from the passage that the gravitational force at a point on the Earth s surface is

　　representative of the geologic age of the Earth

　　analogous to the movement of land masses

　　similar to optical phenomena such as mirages

　　proportional to the size of the Earth

　　dependent on the speed of the Earth s rotation

　　答案：17-27：EDBDBACACED