在题干中看到虚拟语气,大多需要用到取非思想,与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种,叫做改进型取非题。看例子之前,先简单解释下什么是改进型取非题。很简单,如果题干问如果一个对象怎样会更好则是改进型取非题,来看具体的例子:
例:It can be inferred from the passage that the first theories of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to,这是一个典型的改进型取非题题干,问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好。
逻辑思路:既然是改进,原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子,我们把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。
按照此思路定位原文三行,看到后面有这样一句话A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.注意看插入语部分的but did not prove,这个就是缺点,取非就是prove再看五个选项:
observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions
discover negative correlations between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research
understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton
make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers
invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control
一眼扫过去就只有一个选项在讲证明,就是D中的verifiable。所以答案选D。很快解完此题。
取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用,还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用,就是强对比的关系,也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常考题型强对比互取非题,其主要特点是:原文中有强对比的双方,题干只问及其中一方,答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素,如典型的时间要素,答案也是对原文的叙述取非。
来看个简单的例子,
例:The author suggests that, before the early 1950s, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?
思路:在题干中看到了1950s,第一反应就是要回原文定位,发现原文只讲到了in the early 1950s并没有before,这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系,我们把in the early 1950s干的事情取个非,就是之前干的事情。答案就很好选了,在此不举出来了。
这个思路很好理解,比如说我1995年第一次去北京。很显然,1995年以前我就没有去过北京。这就是时间状语的取非。其它的强对比关系,相信考生可以一眼看出,在此就不在一一列举例子了,重点在明白这种取非的思想。
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